광릉숲 천연활엽수림의 수종별 낙엽 현상과 질소 재전류 특성 = The Quantity and Pattern of Leaf Fall and Nitrogen Resorption Strategy by Leaf-litter in the Gwangneung Natural Broadleaved Forest

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The seasonality of leaf fall has important implications for understanding the response of trees’ phenology to climate change. In this study, we quantified the leaf fall pattern with a model to estimate the timing and speed of leaf litter according to species and considered the nutrient use strategy of canopy species. In the autumns of 2015 and 2016, leaf litter was collected periodically using 36 litter-traps from the deciduous forests in Gwangneung and sorted by species. The seasonal leaf fall pattern was estimated using the non-linear regression model of Dixon. Additionally, the resorption rate was calculated by analyzing the nitrogen concentration of the leaf litter at each collection time. The leaf litter generally began in early October and ended in mid-November depending on the species. At the peak time (T50) of leaf fall, on average, Carpinus laxiflora was first, and Quercus serrata was last. The rate of leaf fall was fastest (18.6 days) for Sorbus alnifolia in 2016 and slowest (40.8 days) for C. cordata in 2015. The nitrogen resorption rates at T50 were 0.45% for Q. serrata and 0.48% for C. laxiflora, and the resorption rate in 2015 with less precipitation was higher than in 2016. Since falling of leaf litter is affected by environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, photoperiod, and CO2 during the period attached foliage, the leaf fall pattern and nitrogen resorption differed year by year depending on the species. If we quantify the fall phenomena of deciduous trees and analyze them according to various conditions, we can predict whether the changes in leaf fall timing and speed due to climate change will prolong or shorten the growth period of trees. In addition, it may be possible to consider how this affects their nutrient use strategy.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 낙엽 현상을 정량화하는 모델을 적용하여 광릉숲 천연활엽수림에서 수종에 따른 낙엽의 시기와 속도를 추정하고, 이에 따른 상층 수종의 양분 이용특성을 검토하였다. 낙엽은 2015년과 2016년의 가을에 36개의 낙엽수거망을 이용해 주기적으로 수집하였으며, 5개 수종으로 분류하여 측정한 건중량을 딕슨의 모델에 적용했다. 또한 수집시기마다 낙엽의 질소농도를 분석하여 재전류율을 산출하였다. 광릉숲의 낙엽은 10월 초에 시작하여 11월 중순까지 떨어졌는데, 수종에 따라 두 해에 다른 경향을 보였다. 평균적으로 낙엽이 절정인 시기는 상층의 서어나무가 먼저, 졸참나무가 가장 늦게 나타났고, 낙엽의 속도는 팥배나무가 최소 18.6일 동안 빠르게, 까치박달이 최대 40.8일 동안 천천히 나타났다. 한편 낙엽이 절정일 때 상층 수종의 질소 재전류율은 졸참나무 평균 0.45%, 서어나무 평균 0.48%로 나타났으며, 졸참나무의 재전류율은 강수량이 적었던 2015년에 높게 나타났다. 잎은 달려있던 기간의 기온, 강수량, 광주기, CO2 등의 환경변화에 영향을 받아 탈락되므로 낙엽 현상과 재전류율은 수종에 따라 연간 다른 경향의 차이를 보였다. 향후 낙엽수들의 계절현상을 정량화하고 여러 조건에 따라 비교⋅분석 한다면 기후변화에 의한 낙엽 시기와 속도의 조절이 수목의 생육 기간을 연장 혹은 단축할 지를 예측하고, 이것이 양분이용특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 구명할 수 있을 것이다.

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