This study documents evidence of earning manipulation in Korea. The null hypothesis of no earning manipulation is examined by using Chi-squared statistics. It reports that the observed frequencies of earning do not match the Benford distribution. Spec...
This study documents evidence of earning manipulation in Korea. The null hypothesis of no earning manipulation is examined by using Chi-squared statistics. It reports that the observed frequencies of earning do not match the Benford distribution. Specifically, the distribution of first digits in the subsample of firms reporting profit is significantly different from the Benford distribution at the one percent level. Also, in case of second digits the distribution of the subsample of firms reporting profits as well as the subsample of firms reporting losses deviate significantly from the Benford distribution at the one percent level. Overall, the results show that earning manipulation was a pervasive phenomenon among Korean firms.