1960년대 전반 개발 전략의 전환과 그것의 경제사적 배경 = The Switch of Development Strategy in the First Half of 1960's and Its Historical Background

국문 초록 (Abstract)

박정희 정부 초기에 경제개발 전략이 수입대체 공업화에서 수출주도 공업화로 전환하게 된 데에는 1963년 수출 시장에서 갑자기 공산품이 제1의 비중을 차지하게 된 사건이 매우 중요하였다. 이 사건의 배경으로서 첫째는 이전의 이승만 정부 하에서 수입대체 공업화의 일환으로 건설된 면공업 등의 중요 공업이 1950년대 말 시설 과잉의 문제에 봉착하여 스스로 해외시장을 개척하고 있었다는 사실이다. 그 외에 인근 일본 경제가 중화학공업화로 인해 노동집약적 경공업을 해외로 이전하고자 했던 지경학적 조건이 큰 도움이 되었다. 개발전략의 성공적인 전환에는 정부와 기업가 집단 또는 민간 사이의 효율적인 협동 체제가 큰 역할을 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In 1963, Chung Hee Park's goverment abandoned the traditional import-substitution development strategy and turned to the export-oriented development strategy. This was encouraged by the economic change the industrial products began to take the biggest portion in the Korean export market suddenly in 1963. The first historical background of this change was that, under the Sung Man Rhee's government during 1950's, some industries such as the cotton industry, the plawood industry and the steel industry were as much constructed as to search for foreign export markets, encountering the over-facility problems around the end of 1950's. The second historical background was that there emerged a great import market for labour intensive industrial products in the developed countries such as US, where the industrial structure advanced so highly that the labour intensive industrial products could not be produced any more by the domestic industries. Besides, the geo-economics surrounding Korean economy that the neighboring country, Japan, was seeking to relocate her light industries to the other countries around the first half of 1960's helped the Korean government switch his development strategy from the import-substitution one to the export-oriented one. After a few years' successful transition, there developed an effective cooperative system between the government and the business community such as monthly meeting which supplemented Korean underdeveloped market system.