T. Amabile의 창의성 이론에 근거한 동기와 창의성간의 관계 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Creative researchers have generally agreed that intrinsic motivation is more
effective in creative performance than extrinsic motivation. However, they have
disagreed on whether extrinsic motivation increases or decreases creativity. Amabile accepted the negative effect of extrinsic motivation on creativity in her earlier studies, She has now proposed new principle on extrinsic motivation: Controlling extrinsic motivation is harmful to creativity, but informational or enabling motivation can be helpful, especially initial level of intrinsic motivation is high.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between
intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, particularly focused on her revised
principle. Three research Questions were raised in terms of the relationship s in this study. 1) Is intrinsic motivation inversely correlated with extrinsic motivation or is one independent of the other? 2) Is the effect of evaluation expectation as an external constraint on creative performance different depending upon the level of intrinsic motivation? 3) Is the effect of feedback as an external event on creative performance different depending upon the level of intrinsic motivation?

To answer the first Question, the correlations between scores of intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation of undergraduate students (n=555) whose scores were
obtained from the Work Preference Inventory were computed. The correlational
data indicated that intrinsic motivation is relatively independent of extrinsic
motivation. It Clean s that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are better
conceptualized as two separate dimensions rather than as one bipolar.

Two experiments were conducted to get the answers of two remaining
Questions. Two significant findings were reported. First , there was a significant interaction between evaluation expectation and level of intrinsic motivation. That is. evaluation expectation decreased the creative performance of those who had high level of intrinsic motivation whereas it increased the creative performance of those who has low level of intrinsic motivation. Second, there was also a significant interaction between evaluation expectation and feedback and level of intrinsic motivation. That is. for high intrinsic motivation subjects, evaluation expectation decreased the creative performance whereas informative feedback increased the creative performance. In these experiments. for high intrinsic motivation subjects evaluation expectation worked as controlling extrinsic motivation. being detrimental to creativity. In contrast. informative feedback worked as informatice extrinsic motivation, being helpful. These results clearly supported Amabile' s revised view of extrinsic motivation.