韓半島 居住 日本人의 歸還 後 團體 結成과 財産權 補償 要求

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper intends to investigate how the Japanese Relief Society for Repatriates was organized in Tokyo and worked for compensation of property left in Korean peninsula. And this flashes over how its claim was reflected in Korea-Japan negotiations for normalization of the diplomatic relations and in Japanese government’s post-war readjustment for her nationals. The problem of repatriates’ property which was the most important task to solve in their association carried over into breakdown of first meeting for Korea-Japan negotiations because Korea couldn’t accept Japan’s insistence as an audacious claim for rights of the post colonizers.
The Japanese Relief Society for Repatriates started in March 1946 and ended in April of the next year. As a point of view in the staffs and supporting services for unrepatriated, we can regard it as a follow-up organization of Sewakai established in Korea soon after the Japan’s defeat. But we can also consider it as a new type of organization contrary to one in Korea, in light of its activities for repatriated towards Japanese government. We can look upon the association as the first one to request repatriates’ individual claim rights in the Japanese society in the postwar period.
The claim rights of Japanese repatriates were subject to lapse by San Fransisco Peace Treaty by which Japan’s postwar independence was recognized in the world. To loosen repatriates’ frustration sprang from the treaty, Japanese government enacted the laws to disburse compensation funds for them in 1957 and 1967. But she has never been admitting her liability for reparation in law on the ground that repatriates’ rights were dissipated by measures of Allied Powers in occupied period. And she implemented the strategy in negotiations with Korean government in 1950’s to offset the Japanese property in Korea by Korean property in Japan using the stance of America as a shield, that is, Korea should consider the rights of Japanese repatriates when arguing the claim.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本研究は、韓半島から引揚た日本人が日本でどのような利益団体を作り、韓半島に残してきた財産に対する補償のために、どのような運動を展開してきたか、そして彼らの個人財産権の問題が韓日会談の請求権交渉と日本政府の自国民への戦後処理政策においてどのように扱われたか、を実証するものである。海外に残してきた財産の問題は、日本人引揚者の最も切実な関心事であり、ひいては韓日会談第一次会談を決裂させた＇逆請求権＇主張に繋がる問題であった。1946年３月結成され1947年４月まで活動した、朝鮮引揚同胞世話会は、役員の構成や引揚者援護活動の面においては、韓半島の世話会の延長線で存在した団体である。しかし、日本政府を相手にした権益保護活動の面においては、韓半島の世話会とは異なる、新しい形態の利益団体でもあった。いわゆる韓半島出身の引揚者のために戦後処理問題の解決を要求する、最初の団体だったのである。サンフランシスコ講和条約の締結によって、日本人引揚者の個人請求権は消滅された。ただこの問題を補う形で、日本政府は1957年と1967年に引揚者への支援のための法律を制定し、法律的に補償の義務はないとしながらも、戦後処理というべく補償に準じる金額を支給した。今日に至るまで引揚者の個人請求権は、講和条約によって連合国の措置により済んだものと看做されている。また、韓国との国交正常化交渉においては、韓国の対日請求権要求には在韓日本人財産の問題を考慮しなければならないという米国の見解を盾にし、日本政府は在韓日本人財産と在日朝鮮人財産を相殺する、方針を貫いてきた。

참고문헌 (Reference)

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