開化期의「淸ㆍ朝宗屬」問題에 대하여 = On the submissive relation of Korea to the Ch'ing Dynasty in the later 19th Century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The diplomatic relations between Ch'ing Dynasty and Korea, in Chosun era, were fundamentally based on those of the subjugation of Korea to the Ch'ing Dynasty.
Those courtesy and justifiable relations between two countries, on the basis of Confucian ideas, were vividly politicized as well. But they could be retained under the beneficial influence of the docile trucklers for flunkeyism and also without a threat of the foreign power invasion against Ch'ing, but they could not have done as in the past, since the mid-nine-teenth century. For the Euro-Power nations and Japan seemed likely to invade two countries and that Ch'ing was correlatively on the decline.
Additionally, both countries have thrown open the doors to another, but they could not help coping with a new and difficult crisis in international conflicts. Therefore, both the traditional and diplomatic relations have begun to make some changes.
Ch'ing, in the face of the Euro-American nations'invasion, substantially reinforced its influence over Korea. Chosun primarily attempted to rely on Ch'ing against foreign invasions, while on the other, it peered an opportunity to relieve of its traditional vassal statel.
As a result, the thought of sovereignty in the civilized group in Korea and the submissive relation of Ch'ing and Korea were characteristically opposed to each other.
The writer, in this study has set forth three stages in the process of transition, with the emphasis on the impact of the Ch'ing and Korea vassal relations in the later 19th century.
The first stage is that of Korea and Japan treaty of amity.
The second stage is a period when the vassal relations between Ch'ing and Korea have changed, since Japan invaded against Korea.
The third stage is a period of the late eighteen seventies. when a threat of Russian and Japanese invasion has gradually increased.
In this process of change, Ch'ing endeavored to reinforce its powerful position, meanwhile, Korean civilized groups declined to accept its dominance over Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序 言
• Ⅱ. 開港前後에 있어서 淸ㆍ朝宗屬關係의 性格
• Ⅲ. 淸ㆍ朝宗屬關係의 變質
• Ⅳ. 結 語