The Fourth Industrial Revolution refers to a new society in which everything has become intelligent and interconnected with the emergence of new technologies. In the 2016 World Economic Forum, discussions on the Fourth industrial revolution began, and...
The Fourth Industrial Revolution refers to a new society in which everything has become intelligent and interconnected with the emergence of new technologies. In the 2016 World Economic Forum, discussions on the Fourth industrial revolution began, and Klaus Schwab defined the revolution as a convergence of technologies. In order to respond to the changes in the new industrial structure led by this convergence technology, the Ministry of Education revised the curriculum, which has cultivating "creative talents" at its core. For this purpose, the 2015 revised curriculum is designed to aim at happy learning that fosters core competencies. Cooperative learning is one of the teaching-learning methods to develop core competencies. GI cooperative learning model with democratic characteristics has been emerging as one of the teaching models of cooperative learning.
GI cooperative learning model is highly effective compared to traditional teaching methods by making class as a studying union and enables students learn more effectively through positive interaction. In addition, it can solve the problem of free rider by imposing individuals on responsibility to take charge of each task and achieve an active interaction through cooperative relationship by emphasizing relation consistency between tasks and members.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of GI cooperative learning on art class and the effect of these classes on the sociality and self-efficacy of the first grade elementary school students. The first grade of elementary school students get out of the early childhood education institution and adjust themselves to the changing environment. The self-efficacy formed at this time has an significant influence on the students' school life in the future.In addition, the children of this age have a frame of personality and self-concept, which enhances sociality through school adaptation (Park ah-chung, 2007). Therefore, by choosing cooperative learning centered on student participation, students were asked to think about seasonal changes in familiar spring, summer, fall, and winter subjects and express their thoughts and feelings about the surrounding phenomena.
As a consequence, the study aims at identifying the effects of stereoscopic expression art class applying cooperative model on sociality and self-efficacy of the first grade elementary school students. In this sense, three research problems established in the study are as follows.
First, the study examines how the art class applying GI cooperative learning model improves sociality of elementary school students and identify how it also influences interpersonal relationship, cooperation, sociality which are the sub factors of sociability.
Second, the study aimed to investigate the effect of the GI cooperative learning model on the improvement of self-efficacy in elementary school students and the effect on confidence, self-efficacy of self-control and task level of difficulty, which are the sub factors of self-efficacy.
Third, the study also tried to analyze the effect of the art lesson applying GI cooperative learning model on students' practical performance results, activity log, and evaluation log through study guides including observation and peer evaluation.
It is an activity that students make a group and express the scenery and atmosphere suitable for each season with various materials. Therefore, the study designed a teaching-learning program based on the theoretical considerations of GI collaborative learning. The theme of the designed program is to express 'four seasons', spring, summer, autumn and winter in three dimensions. The subjects of this study were 20 students in elementary school in Seocho-gu, Seoul and 8 class in totall were conducted. In order to estimate the sociality and self-efficacy of the students, the evaluation tool was used, which was developed by Kim, Jong-Du (2010). The self-efficacy test tool used in the study was the self-efficacy scale modified by Kim, A Young (1997). In order to measure the students' sociality and self-efficacy, the students were examined before and after the test, and the results were analyzed using the statistical program, and results derived from the actual performance results and activity logs written by students are as follows.
First, the art class applying the GI cooperative learning model was found to be effective in promoting the sociality of elementary school students. (T =-2.986, p<0.01), There was a statistically significant increase in interpersonal relationship, cooperative ability, and sociability which are the sub factors of sociality.
Second, it was demonstrated that the class using GI cooperative learning model was effective in improving the self-efficacy of elementary school students. Compared to pre-test of self-efficacy, the score of post-test increased by 0.63 and statistically significant differences were found in both aspects of confidence, self control efficacy and task level of difficulty, which are the sub factors of self-efficacy. (t=-4.341, p<0.001).
Third, it is found that the art lesson applying the GI cooperative learning model positively affects students through the actual performance results of the study, the activities log and the evaluation paper created by the students. In particular, through observation log of teachers and activities written by the students, students were able to express themselves in cooperation with their members in an active manner in their groups in each class. This implies that there was a positive interdependency among students during the process of exchanging positive feedbacks with each other.
These results reveal that the art classes of 3D expressions in spring, summer, autumn, and winter applying GI cooperative learning were effective in enhancing the sociality and self-efficacy of first grade elementary school students. Therefore, the study can find educational significance in that art class applying GI cooperative learning shows meaningful results in promoting students’ sociality and self-efficacy.