20th century revolutions in technology

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = xi
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = xiii
• ABOUT THE AUTHOR = xv
• APPLYING ELECTRICITY TO EVERYTHING FROM TOOTHBRUSHES TO AIR CONDITIONERS = 1
• 1.1 THE ROOTS OF 20TH CENTURY ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY = 1
• 1.2 LIGHTING UP THE WORLD IN THE 20TH CENTURY = 9
• 1.3 KEEPING THINGS COOL = 11
• 1.4 THE OZONE LAYER DEPLETION PROBLEM = 13
• 1.5 KEEPING THINGS CLEAN = 15
• 1.6 KEEPING THINGS HOT = 17
• 1.7 KEEPING THINGS MOVING WITH ELECTRICITY = 17
• 1.8 KEEPING TIME WITH ELECTRICITY = 18
• 1.9 ELECTRICITY USED TO OPERATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES = 18
• 1.10 BATTERY DEVELOPMENT IN THE 20TH CENTURY = 18
• 1.11 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY = 19
• 1.12 LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS = 20
• 1.13 LOW FREQUENCY EMF AND CANCER? = 23
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 27
• USING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE TO HEAR AND SEE AT A DISTANCE = 29
• 2.1 THE ROOTS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE CONCEPT = 29
• 2.2 THE BASIC RADIO PATENT WARS = 34
• 2.3 THE FIRST RADIO BROADCAST = 34
• 2.4 THE VACUUM TUBE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO = 36
• 2.5 USING ELECIROMAGNETIC WAVES TO DETECT AIRCRAFT AND SHIPS = 42
• 2.6 THE BACKGROUND OF TELEVISION DEVELOPMENT = 46
• 2.7 Tue CATHODE RAY TUBE FOR BLACK AND WHITE TELEVISION RECEIVERS = 48
• 2.8 TELEVISION CAMERAS = 49
• 2.9. POST-WAR Ⅱ BLACK AND WHITE TELEVISION SYSTEMS = 49
• 2.10 THE COLOR TELEVISION WAR = 50
• 2.11 CABLE TELEVISION = 51
• 2.12 THE HDTV WARS = 53
• 2.13 SAFETY LEVELS OF RF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS = 54
• 2.14 THE REPLACEMENT OF THE VACUUM TUBE = 55
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 56
• HOW MANY TRANSISTORS CAN DANCE ON THE HEAD OF A PIN? = 57
• 3.1 INTRODUCTION = 57
• 3.2 THE ROOTS OF THE TRANSISTOR = 57
• 3.2 BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS = 61
• 3.3 BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY = 63
• 3.4 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS USING BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR = 66
• 3.5 THE MANUFACTURE OF VLSI USING BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS = 66
• 3.6 THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT USING MOS TRANSISTORS = 68
• 3.7 THE PMOS TRANSISTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS = 69
• 3.8 THE NMOS TRANSISTOR = 70
• 3.9 THE CMOS = 70
• 3.10 COMPARISON OF BIPOLAR MOS TRANSISTORS = 71
• 3.11 A FASTER TRANSISTOR FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS = 72
• 3.12 INCREASING THE NUMBER OF TRANSISTORS ON A CHIP = 73
• 3.13 INCREASING MEMORY STORAGE = 76
• 3.14 SOME APPLICATIONS OF CHIP = 77
• 3.15 CONTROLLING THE WILD STALLION = 81
• 3.16 THE ADVENT OF THE CHIP SUPERFACTORY = 84
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 86
• ADDING A BRAIN = 89
• 4.1 THE ROOTS OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION = 89
• 4.2 THE COMMERCIAL COMPUTER MAIN FRAME = 98
• 4.3 THE MICROCOMPUTER = 100
• 4.4 THE SELLING OF THE PERSONAL COMPUTER = 105
• 4.5 DISC DRIVES AND DISCS = 107
• 4.6 SOFTWARE = 108
• 4.7 REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTER (RISC) = 109
• 4.8 VIRTUAL REALITY = 110
• 4.9 MOBILE COMPUTERS = 111
• 4.10 COMPUTERS TAKE OVER THE WORLD = 112
• 4.11 SUPERCOMPUTERS = 114
• 4.12 PROBLEMS OF THE COMPUTER AGE = 116
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 120
• LET THERE BE PURE LIGHT = 123
• 5.1 THE ROOTS OF THE LASER = 123
• 5.2 THE MASER = 124
• 5.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LASER = 125
• 5.4 WHAT MAKES A LASER LASE? = 129
• 5.5 A MULTIPLICITY OF LASERS = 129
• 5.6 WAVELENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF LASERS = 134
• 5.7 LASER APPLICATIONS = 134
• 5.8 THE PHASBR = 141
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 142
• RECORDING TECHNOLOGY IN THE 20TH CENTURY = 143
• 6.1 THE MOTION PICTURE = 143
• 6.2 THE PHONOGRAPH = 148
• 6.3 AUDIO MAGNETIC TAPE = 152
• 6.4 COPYING WITH EASE = 155
• 6.5 JOINING THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION = 156
• 6.6 THE AUDIO COMPACT DISC = 157
• 6.7 AUDIO DIGITAL RECORDING TAPES = 158
• 6.8 VIDEO RECORDING MAGNETIC TAPES = 159
• 6.9 THE LASER VIDEO DISC = 160
• 6.10 HIGH DENSITY OPTICAL STORAGE SYSTEMS = 161
• 6.11 PROBLEMS WITH 20TH CENTURY RECORDING = 163
• 6.12 FROM RECORDING DATA TO SATELLITES TO UNIVERSAL COMMUNICATIONS = 164
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 164
• THE REVOLUTION OF THE ARTIFICIAL MOON = 165
• 7.1 THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ROCKETS = 165
• 7.2 THE EARLY SATELLITES = 170
• 7.3 THE RACE TO THE MOON = 171
• 7.4 THE SPACE SHUTTLE = 173
• 7.5 SPACE STATIONS = 178
• 7.6 TYPES OF ORBITS = 182
• 7.7 WEATHER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES = 183
• 7.8 EARTH RESOURCES SATELLITES = 187
• 7.9 COMMUNICATION SATELLITES = 188
• 7.10 SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS = 191
• 7.11 SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES = 192
• 7.12 PLANETARY PROBES = 194
• 7.13 SPACE TRASH = 198
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 199
• MOVING TOWARDS PERSONAL UNIVERSAL COMMUNICATIONS = 201
• 8.1 LOOKING BACK AT THE ROOTS, THE TELEGRAPH = 201
• 8.2 THE TELEPRINTER = 203
• 8.3 THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORKS = 204
• 8.4 SECURITY ON THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK = 208
• 8.5 FACSIMILE = 210
• 8.6 INTERNET = 212
• 8.7 CELLULAR RADIO = 220
• 8.8 PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SERVICES = 226
• 8.9 FUTURE PUBLIC LAND MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS = 227
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 228
• LEAVING THE HORSES BEHIND = 231
• 9.1 THE ROOTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE = 231
• 9.2 THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY AUTO DEVELOPMENT = 238
• 9.3 TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS = 243
• 9.4 DEVELOPMENT IN THE LAST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY = 248
• 9.5 SAFETY PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS = 254
• 9.6 POLLUTION AND SOLUTIONS = 257
• 9.7 PREVENTING AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS BY USING TECHNOLOGY = 264
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 265
• ON THE WINGS OF EAGLES = 267
• 10.1 TRYING TO GET OFF THE GROUND WITH FLAPPING WINGS = 267
• 10.2 THE BEGINNING OF FLIGHT WITH A FIXED WING = 268
• 10.3 THE WRIGHT BROTHERS = 269
• 10.4 FLYING IN WORLD WAR I = 273
• 10.5 BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS = 274
• 10.6 WORLD WAR Ⅱ PROPELLER AIRCRAFT = 280
• 10.7 TURBOJET AIRCRAFT = 283
• 10.8 THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL JETS = 285
• 10.9 SUPERSONIC FLIGHT = 290
• 10.10 DEATH FROM THE SKIES = 291
• 10.11 NOISE FROM ABOVE = 297
• 10.12 FLYING INTO THE 21ST CENTURY = 298
• 10.13 THE BEGINNING AND THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY = 299
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 302
• MARRYING TECHNOLOGY TO MEDICINE = 303
• 11.1 SEEING INSIDE THE HUMAN BODY = 303
• 11.2 USING BODY ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND MAGNETIC FIELDS = 317
• 11.3 CHANGING SURGICAL PROCEDURES = 319
• 11.4 NEW PARTS FOR OLD IN THE HUMAN BODY = 326
• 11.5 BATTLING BACTERIA = 334
• 11.6 VACCINATING THE WORLD = 336
• 11.7 STRIKING A DELICATE BALANCE WITH CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY = 338
• 11.8 CONTROLLING FERTILITY = 339
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 341
• PLAYING GOD WITH GENETIC ENGINEERING = 343
• 12.1 THE ROOTS OF THE GENETIC REVOLUTION = 343
• 12.2 THE RACE TO FIND THE STRUCTURE OF DNA = 345
• 12.3 BREAKING THE GENETIC CODE = 352
• 12.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC MANIPULATION = 353
• 12.5 THE DEVELOPMENT OP RECOMBINANT DNA = 353
• 12.6 CHANGING PLANTS BY GENETIC ENGINEERING = 356
• 12.7 ALTERING ANIMAL GENES = 357
• 12.8 LAYING THE FOUNDATION OF GENE THERARY = 357
• 12.9 AUTOMATED DNA SEQUENCING = 360
• 12.l0 FINDING THE GENONE OF MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS = 361
• 12.11 TIE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT = 361
• 12.12 DNA THE FINGER AT CRIME = 363
• 12.13 THE CLASH OF FEAR AND GENETIC TECHNOLOGY = 364
• 12.14 THE P53 GENE AND CANCER IN THE 21ST CENTURY = 366
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 367
• 20TH CENTURY FOOD DEVELOPMENTS = 369
• 13.1 A REVOLUTION IN THE GROWING OF FOOD = 369
• 13.2 CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AND ALTERNATIVES = 372
• 13.3 THE LOSS OF GENETIC AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY = 376
• 13.4 PRESERVING FOOD = 377
• 13.5 ADDING FLAVORS = 382
• 13.6 USING AND MANUFACTURING VITAMINS = 384
• 13.7 CHANGES IN COOKING TECHNOLOGY = 387
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 389
• USING ARTIFICIAL MATERIALS = 391
• 14.1 POLYMERIZAT1ON = 391
• 14.2 PLASTICS = 391
• 14.3 SYNTHETIC FIBERS = 393
• 14.4 COMPOSITES = 397
• 14.5 EXTREMELY FINE POWDER MATERIALS = 401
• 14.6 ARTIFICIAL MATERIAL POISONS = 402
• 14.7 INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL = 405
• 14.8 HORMONE MIMICS AND BLOCKERS = 406
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 407
• EXTRA CTING ENERGY FROM THE ATOM = 409
• 15.1 THE MAKING OF THE EQUATION THAT SHOOK THE WORLD = 409
• 15.2 RACING TOWARD THE ATOMIC FISSION BOMB = 411
• 15.3 THE AMERICAN FISSION BOMB PROGRAM = 414
• 15.4 THE AMERICAN HYDROGEN BOMB = 421
• 15.5 OBTAINING ELECTRICAL POWER FROM ATOMIC FISSION = 422
• 15.6 HANDLING A DANGEROUS LEGACY, ATOMIC WASTE = 423
• 15.7 THE NUCLEAR SWORD OF DAMOCLES = 425
• 15.8 FUSION POWER FOR THE FUTURE = 428
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 429
• EPILOGUE = 431
• INDEX = 435