아동의 부력 현상에 대한 지식과 추론 = Children`s knowledge and reasoning about buoyancy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims (1) to investigate the differences in children`s knowledge and reasoning skills about buoyancy according to their ages and tasks assigned; (2) to ascertain whether the children`s prior knowledge transforms to post knowledge, that is to say, new knowledge, through reasoning skills; and (3) to discover what variables influence the children`s post knowledge. Subjects were 120 children divided into forty each from three groups of 4, 6 and 8 year-olds from three preschools and two elementary schools located in middle class residential areas of Seoul and Kyoung-Ki province. Each child`s prior knowledge of buoyancy, reasoning skills and post knowledge were observed and recorded. Their performance tasks involved ``weight`` and ``size``. Statistical methods used for data analysis were means, standard deviations, repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test and multiple regression analysis. It is to be noted in the results that follow that the children`s prior knowledge of buoyancy did not differ according to the different age groups although subjects` prior knowledge level of the ``weight`` task was higher than the ``size`` task. Children from age groups 6 and 8 demonstrated better reasoning skills and post knowledge of buoyancy compared to the 4 year old age group; and the performance level on the ``weight`` task was higher than on the ``size`` task. Transformative changes in prior knowledge of buoyancy were observed among all the age groups as they engaged in the reasoning tasks of the experiments. In sum, for all the subjects, the variable responsible for post knowledge about buoyancy is reasoning skills; and the effect of ``size`` task reasoning was found to be stronger than ``weight`` task reasoning.

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