신자유주의 정부개혁의 다양성에 관한 연구: 국가 간 비교분석 = Diversity of Neoliberal Government Reform: Cross-National Comparisons

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study analyzes the comparative patterns of neoliberal government reform that have been attempted in many countries. In particular, this study suggests the importance of a few multi-dimensional characteristics: government regulation, privatization, and the size of government. This study analyzes the relations between them and between their levels in each country. The analysis found, first, there are complex relations between the characteristics of neoliberal government reform. For example, there is positive correlation between the level of government deregulation and privatization whereas there is no significant correlation between the size of government and government deregulation or privatization. Second, each country shows very diverse characteristics of neoliberal government reform. In general, while Anglo-American countries show a high overall level of neoliberal government reform, Northern Europe countries display a high level in certain areas. These are shown to be at a low level in Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, as well as in Asia and Latin America. These results mean that although neoliberalism has been actively accepted in many countries for decades, there is no convergence around neoliberalism. Therefore, it implies that neoliberalism does not change the nature of each country.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문에서는 1970년대 이후 광범위하게 시도된 신자유주의 정부개혁이 국가마다 어떠한 패턴으로 나타나고 있는지를 비교분석하였다. 신자유주의 정부개혁의 다차원적 특징들을 정부규제, 민영화, 정부규모로 구분한 후 이들 간의 관계를 제시하였고 각 국가 내에서 이들이 어떠한 수준으로 나타나는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 신자유주의 정부개혁 특징들 간에는 매우 복잡한 상호관계가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 신자유주의 정부개혁의 특징들이 반드시 동일한 방향으로 나타나지 않을 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 정부개혁의 특징들은 국가별로 매우 다양한 형태로 나타났다. 그러나 전체적인 패턴에 있어서는 영미계 국가들이 전반적으로 매우 높은 수준을 나타낸 반면 북유럽 국가들은 특정한 개혁특징에서 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 서유럽, 남유럽, 동유럽, 아시아와 라틴아메리카 국가들은 매우 낮은 수준으로 신자유주의 정부개혁 특징들이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 결과는 많은 국가에서 신자유주의를 적극적으로 수용했지만 실제로 신자유주의로의 수렴현상은 나타나지 않았음을 의미한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 안병영, "한국의 공공부문: 이론, 규모와 성격, 개혁방향" 한림대학교 출판부 2007

2 박종민, "큰 정부 대 작은 정부: 문화론적 설명" 2004

3 안문석, "정부와 기업 그리고 시민사회: 지식정보화사회의 행정과 규제개혁" 박영사 2002

4 최병선, "정부규제론" 법문사 2001

5 권혁주, "영국 복지개혁의 소득재분배 효과: 쎄처 정부시기를 중심으로 (1979-1991)" 32 (32): 27-43, 1998

6 박종민, "신자유주의 정부역할에 대한 태도" 2007

7 양동훈, "신민주체제의 경제개혁과 민주주의: 브라질과 아르헨티나의 사례" 19 (19): 37-68, 2006

8 김의동, "세계화 시대의 스웨덴 모델: 신자유주의 정책과 복지국가체제 간 정합성을 중심으로" 10 (10): 385-413, 2006

9 김광웅, "비교행정론" 한국방송통신대학교 출판부 1995

10 박종민, "민주주의, 시장경제 및 보수주의 정부개혁" 4 (4): 33-66, 1998

11 박종화, "민간화에 대한 논의" 6 : 169-190, 1994

12 Rodrik,D, "Why Do More Open Economies Have Bigger Governments?" 106 (106): 997-1032, 1998

13 Bevir, M., "Traditions of Governance: Interpreting the Changing Role of the Public Sector" 81 (81): 1-17, 2003

14 Morgan, D. R, "The Two Faces of Privatization" 48 (48): 979-987, 1988

15 Kettle, D. F, "The State of Public Management" Johns Hopkins University Press 1996

16 Tavits,M, "The Size of Government in Majoritarian and Consensus Democracies" 37 (37): 340-359, 2004

17 Mitnick,B.M, "The Political Economy of Regulation: Creating, Designing, and Removing Regulatory Forms" Columbia University Press 1980

18 Clarke, T, "The Political Economy of Privatisation" Routledge 1993

19 Buhler,W, "The Origins and Costs of Regulation,The Dialogue That Happened: Proceeding of Workshop on the Private Cost of Regulation" Cambridge University Press 1979

20 Starr,P, "The Meaning of Privatization, Privatization and the Welfare State" Princeton University Press 1989

21 Appel,H, "The Ideological Determinants of Liberal Economic Reform: The Case of Privatization" 52 (52): 520-549, 2000

22 Biglaiser, G, "The Expansion of Neoliberal Economic Reforms in Latin America" 48 (48): 561-578, 2004

23 Pollit, C, "Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis" Oxford University Press 2000

24 Belke, A., "Privatization in Austria: Some Theoretical Reasons and Performance Measures," Working Paper, No.0404, Department of Economics, Johannes kepler University of Linz" 2004

25 Butler,S, "Privatization for Public Purposes, Privatization and Its Alternatives" University of Wisconsin Press 1991

26 Wright, V, "Privatization and Public Policy Vol. I" Edward Elgar Publication 2000

27 Mukherjee,B, "Political Parties and the Size of Government in Multiparty Legislatures: Examining Cross-Country and Panel Data Evidence" 36 (36): 699-728, 2003

28 Alesina, A, "Openness, country size and government" 69 (69): 305-321, 1998

29 Peters,B.G, "Government Reform and Reorganization in an Era of Retrenchment and Conviction Politics, Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration" Marcel Dekker Inc. 1991

30 Megginson, W, "From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization" 39 (39): 321-389, 2001

31 Stein,E, "Fiscal Decentralization and Government Size in Latin America" 2 (2): 357-391, 1999

32 Anderson,J, "Economic Regulatory and Consumer Protection Policies, Nationalizing Government: Public Policies in America" Sage Publications 1978

33 Gwartney, J, "Economic Freedom of the World: 2006 Annual Report" The Fraser Institute 2006

34 Gwartney, J, "Economic Freedom of the World: 2001 Annual Report" The Fraser Institute 2001

35 Gwartney, J., "Economic Freedom of the World: 2000 Annual Report" The Fraser Institute 2000

36 Suleiman,E, "Dismantling Democratic State" Princeton University Press 2003

37 World Bank, "Bureaucrats in Business" 1995

38 Christensen, T, "Administrative reform policy: the case of Norway" 64 (64): 457-475, 1998

39 Hesse,J.J, "Administrative Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe: Towards Public Refrom in Post-Communist Societies" Blackwell Publishers 1993

40 Aucoin,P, "Administrative Reform in Public Management: Paradigms, Principles, Paradoxes and Pendulums" 3 (3): 115-137, 1990

41 Caiden,G.E, "Administrative Reform Come of Age" de Gruyter 1991

42 Harvey,D, "A Brief History of Neoliberalism" Oxford University Press 2005

43 Congressional Budget Office, ""The Number of Federal Employees Engaged in Regulatory Activities," Staff paper prepared for the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, U.S. House of Represent" 1976

44 Lane,J.E, ""Public Sector Reform: Only Deregulation, Privatization and Marketization?" Public Sector Reform: Rationale, Trends and Problems" California: SAGE Publications Ltd. 1997

45 Su,T, ""Public Budgeting Reform in Taiwan," Proceedings of The International Conference for the 50th Anniversary of KAPA, Korea" 2006

46 Nellis,J, ""Privatization in Latin America," Working Paper, No.31, Center for Global Development" 2003