순자 천인지분(天人之分)의 교육론적 전개 = Xunzi’s “Division between Heaven and the Human” (天⼈之分) as the Philosophical Foundation of His Theory of Education

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study argues that Xunzi's “division between Heaven and the human” (天人之分) serves not only as a natural philosophy but as the philosophical foundation of his educational theory. As “the operations of Heaven” (天行) follow invariable laws independent of human action, human response becomes the decisive variable that establishes the grounds for educational intervention. The innate conditions bestowed by “Heaven's achievement” (天功) including innate emotions (天情), sense organs (天官), and the mind (天君), along with the chain of nature (性), emotions (情), and desires (欲) can be neither eliminated nor ignored, making postnatal intervention inevitable. The educational task unfolds in the following two dimensions: cognitive attainment of the “Perfect Person” (至人), who discerns “what belongs to Heaven” (在天者) from “what belongs to the self” (在己者), and practical cultivation of the “Exemplary Person” (君子). The Way (道) is embodied in ritual (禮), while music (樂) allows ritual to penetrate deeper emotions, and this transformation is sustained through lifelong accumulation within a ritually ordered environment. Rather than treating Xunzi's educational thought as a collection of discrete topics, this study reveals its systematic structure as a unified path under the single principle of “the division between Heaven and the human” (天人之分).