새발 추출물의 멜라닌 생성 저해 효과 = The Inhibitory Effects of Acanthopeltis japonica on Melanogenesis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To develop the skin whitening agent, we investigated the effects of Acanthopeltis japonica, a rhodophyta on the coast of Jeju island, on melanogenesis. Dried A. japonica was refluxed with 70 % aqueous ethanol and the extract was evaporated to dryness. To validate the activity as a depigmenting agent, various in vitro tests, polyphenol contents, and free radical scavenging activity were performed. In addition, cellular tyrosinase activity and protein expression of p-ERT, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 were measured in B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. A. japonica had low polyphenol contents and low free radicals scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. A. japonica suppressed cellular tyrosinase activity up to 86.9 % at 100 μg/mL with inhibition or tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated B16/F10 melanoma cells. Our results suggest that inhibitory effects of A. japonica on melanogenesis are due to inhibiting the pathways involving α-MSH-induced ERK activation. Therefore, A. japonica nay be useful as a skin whitening agent associated with the suppressive effect of melanotrophin-induced signaling pathway to inhibit melanin synthesis.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Solano, "α-MSH and other melanogenic activators mediate opposite effects on tyrosinase and DOPAchrome tautomerase in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells" 1992

2 Cabanes, "is a slow-binding inhibitor of catecholase activity of tyrosinase" 1994

3 T. Kobayashi, "Tyrosinase stabilization by Tyrp1" 273 : 31801-, 1998

4 M. Veronique, "Tyrosinase and related protein in mammalian pigmentation" 381 : 165-, 1996

5 Pomerantz, "The tyrosine hydroxylase activity of mammalian tyrosinase" 1966

6 G. Imokawa, "The role of endrothelin-1 in epidermal hyperpigmentation and signaling mechanisms of mitogenesis and melanogenesis" 10 : 218-, 1997

7 J. Grabbe, "Stem cell factor, a novel cutaneous growth factor for mast cells and melanocytes" 287 : 78-, 1994

8 R. Han, "Redefining the skin's pigmentary system with a novel tyrosinase assay" 15 : 290-, 2002

9 C. Romero-Graillet, "Nitric oxide produced by ultraviolet-irradiated stimulates melanogenesis" 99 : 635-, 1997

10 R. K. Tripathi, "Mutational mapping of the catalytic activities of human tyrosinase" 267 : 707-, 1992

11 P. Manga, "Mutational analysis of the modulation of tyrosinase by tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 in vitro" 13 : 364-, 2000

12 H. Z. Hill, "Melanin: a two edged swords" 10 : 158-, 1997

13 B. A. Gilchrest, "Mechanisms of ultraviolet light-induced pigmentation" 63 : 1-, 1996

14 A, "Mammalian tyrosinase catalyzes three reactions in the biosynthesis of melanin" 1982

15 S. Im, "Donor specific response of es-trogen and progesterone on cultured human me-lanocyte" 17 : 58-, 2002

16 A. J. Thody, "Does alpha-MSH have a role in regulating skin pigmentation in humans?" 11 : 265-, 1998

17 O. Yasunobu, "Development of a novel zinc complex as whitening agent in a new concept" 6 : 69-, 2003

18 and A, "Determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in orange juice" 1976

19 H. H. Kang, "Depigmenting activity and low cytotoxicity of alkoxy benzoates or alkoxy cinnamate in cultured melanocytes" 51 : 1085-, 2003

20 S. Briganti, "Chemical and instrumental approaches to treat hyperpigmentation" 16 : 101-, 2003

21 K. Maeda, "Arbutin: mechanism of its depigmenting action in human melanocyte culture" 276 : 765-, 1996

22 Y. Lu, "Antioxidant activities of polyphenols from sage" 75 : 197-, 2001

23 Blois, "A note on free radical formation in biologocally occuring quinones" 1955