Online productivity and connectivity of digital media contributes for online communities in general and transnational fandoms in particular to vitalize their subculture without being unhindered by time and space. As they expand the scope of their acti...
Online productivity and connectivity of digital media contributes for online communities in general and transnational fandoms in particular to vitalize their subculture without being unhindered by time and space. As they expand the scope of their activities, fandom seems to inevitably have more complex interactions with the outside. This study attempted to illustrate the production structure of digital fansub groups and the power relations among fans, fandoms and the industries by taking Chinese Hallyu Fansub Group as an example and online ethnography as the main methodology. In terms of the production structure of fansub, Chinese Hallyu fansub groups integrated the whole system of production into a clear division that allowed them to conduct mass production. Also, they began to step out of their limited boxes like homepage or forum into the public realm by utilizing social functions of digital media actively. Online productive fandoms showed greater consciousness about advertising effectiveness of visualization to promote their products and communities in public.
The systematic fansub production served to the reinforcement of the existed order within the fandoms. In order to conduct stable
online production, fandoms had to hold on higher standards of cultural capital, which ulteriorly resulted in a threefold hierarchy as distinguished the inside of the fandom from the outside, the periphery from the center, the media fandom from the celebrity fandom as a minor group. However, at the outside, the effect of online productivity failed to empower fandoms to counter against the industries. The capital accumulated during the process of online production, though, helped consolidate the structure of fandom and its production and gain prominence in social media, it also alienated fans from their subjectivity. The result of being alienated by capitalization is severer competition, differentiation and self-exploitation among fandoms. For those fandoms that are capable of commercialization, they were even able to get involved in the official cooperation with the producers or platforms but at the expense of their autonomy and resistance. This research on fansub provides a Marxist-based insight in the interplay betwixt the agency of the productive fandom and the power of digital media and capital as external forces.