미국 지방정부 재난관리체계와 정책시사점

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

  Emergency management presents a formidable challenge for governments because of the extraordinary demands these events impose on the decision-making and service-delivery systems of the communities they affect. In the context of a federally structured government, when the capacities of government jurisdictions at lower levels are overwhelmed, higher levels are called upon to assist. either by supporting or supplanting the activities of the subordinate jurisdictions. As a result, emergency management is intrinsically an intergovernmental policy-implementation challenge. A broad literature about emergency management in America and disaster policy has sprung up in recent years, spurred in particular by the 1985 Public Administration Review symposium Emergency Management: A challenge for Public Administration, and by the perceived failures of the FEMA in responding to hurricanes Andrew in 1992 and Katrina in 2005. The activities and objectives of federal, state, and local emergency management agencies in the United States today are based on a comprehensive emergency management mode1. That model divides the emergency management function into four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery. Emergency management system at the subnational level in America can describes great varience in the capabilities, structure, and orientations. Some agencies are autonomous, some are tied to the office of the elected executive or appointed chief administrator, some are small unites in other unimportant agencies, and so on.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최호택, "효율적 재난대응을 위한 지방정부 역할 개선방안: 미국, 일본과의 비교를 중심으로" 6 (6): 235-243, 2006

2 권태호, "지속가능 재난관리를 위한 지역자율방재조직의 활동프로그램과 활용방안 연구" 12 (12): 107-130, 2008

3 채경석, "지방정부의 재난관리체계에 대한 국가간 비교: 바람직한 재난관리체계의 모색" 8 (8): 129-145, 2004

4 김석곤, "지방자치단체 재난관리의 자원보유 인식과 협력에 관한 연구" 한국지방정부학회 12 (12): 131-150, 2008

5 남궁근, "비교정책연구" 법문사 1998

6 전영평, "대구지하철 재난대응의 실패: 지방정치 위기의 관점" 8 (8): 147-164,

7 Wamsley, Gary L., "To politicize is not to control: the pathologies of control in federal emergency management" 26 : 263-285, 1996

8 Musgrave, Richard A., "Theory of Public Finance: A study of Political Economic" McGraw-Hill 1959

9 Cameron, David R., "The expansion of the public economy: A comparative analysis" 72 : 1243-1261, 1978

10 Pelling, M., "The Vulnerability of Cities: Natural Disasters and Social Resilence" Earthscan Publications Ltd. 2003

11 Peterson, Paul, "The Price of Federalism" Brookings Institution 1995

12 International City/County Management Association, "The Municipal Year Book" Washington, DC 2005

13 Menzel, Donald, "Setting a Research Agenda for the Study of the American County" 52 (52): 173-182, 1992

14 Waugh, William L., "Regionalizing Emergency Management: Counties as State and Local Government" 54 (54): 253-258, 1994

15 Smithson, Michael, "Ignorance and Disasters" 8 : 207-235, 1990

16 Schneider, Saundra K., "Governmental Response to Disasters: The Conflict between Bureaucratic Procedures and Emergent Norms" 52 (52): 135-145, 1992

17 Lewis-Beck, "Government growth in the United States" 47 : 2-30, 1995

18 Settle, Allen K., "Financing Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery" 45 : 101-106, 1985

19 Berry, William D., "Explaining the size of public sector: Responsive and excessive government interpretation" 45 : 1-17, 1987

20 Mushkatel, Alvin H., "Emergency Management and the Intergovernmental System" 45 : 49-56, 1985

21 Choi, Sang Ok., "Emergency Management Growth in the State of Florida" 36 (36): 212-226, 2004

22 Salant, Tanis J., "County Governments: An Overview" 17 : 5-9, 1989

23 DeSantis, Victor S., "County Authority, Structure, and Election Systems in : County Government in an Era of Change" Greenwood Press 1993

24 Clingmayer, James C., "Contracting and sector choice for the delivery of local health and human services" 35 (35): 150-160, 2003

25 Marquette, Jesse, "Competition, control and spurious covariation: A longitudinal analysis of state spending" 25 : 362-375, 1981

26 Henstra, "Canadian Disaster Management Policy: Moving Toward a Paradigm Shift?" 31 (31): 303-318, 2005

27 Ink, Dwight, "An Analysis of the House Select Committee and White House Reports on Hurricane Katrina" 66 (66): 800-807, 2006

28 McLoughlin, David, "A Framework for Integrated Emergency Management" 45 : 165-172,

29 Donahue, Amy K., "A Framework for Analyzing Emergency Management with an Application to federal budgeting" 61 (61): 728-740, 2001