아동이 지각한 어머니의 양육행동척도 개발과 타당화 = 자기결정성이론을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 자기결정성이론(Self-Determination Theory)에 근거하여 아동이 지각한 어머니의 양육행동척도를 개발하고 타당화 하는 데에 목적이 있다. 기존의 주요 양육행동척도들의 이론적 배경이 분명하지 않고, 경험적 타당성에 문제가 제기되면서 새로운 양육행동척도 개발에 대한 필요성이 대두되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자기결정성이론에 근거한 새로운 개념의 양육행동척도를 개발하고자 ``자율성지지``, ``관여``, ``구조제공``이라는 세 가지 요인으로 구성된 모의 양육행동척도를 제작하였다. 세 요인들을 반영하는 51문항의 예비검사를 서울소재 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생을 대상으로 실시하여 문항의 양호도를 검증하고, 탐색적 요인분석으로 요인구조를 확인한 뒤 문항의 수정과 삭제를 통해 총 23문항으로 구성된 최종검사를 완성하였다. 본검사 실시 자료에 대한 문항 양호도 분석과 척도의 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였으며 확인적 요인분석을 통한 구인타당도 증거를 확보하였다. 또한 모애착과 학교생활적응 변인을 포함하여 구성한 법칙론적 연결망조직 분석을 통해 구인타당도와 준거관련 타당도에 대한 추가적 증거를 확보하였다. 마지막으로, 연구결과를 부모의 양육행동관련 연구에서의 활용성과 부모교육에서의 적용가능성을 중심으로 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a scale to assess children`s perception of their mothers` parenting behaviors, which was based on the literature reviews on parental dimensions, and self-determination theory (SDT) framework and various previous studies on child rearing. Representing core concepts of SDT, 51 items were developed and assembled to construct a preliminary scale. The items represented three factors, which were "mother`s autonomy support," "involvement," and "provision of structure." The preliminary scale was administered to 363 elementary school students in grades 4 through 6. After item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, 27 items were retained for the main test, which then was administered to 731 elementary school students in grades 4 through 6. Results of the item and scale analyses resulted in 23 items as the final scale for the mother`s parenting scale. In the confirmatory factor analysis, three-factor structure was confirmed as the sub-constructs of the perceived mother`s parenting scale. Correlations among perceived mother`s parenting behavior, mother-child attachment, and school adjustment were examined to collect evidences for the criterion-related validity. A test of nomological network through structural equation model analysis using these variables provided additional evidence of the construct validity of the mother`s parenting behavior scale. Furthermore, the structural equation model analysis revealed that the mother-child attachment functioned as a significant predictor and mediator of the autonomy- supportiveness and provision of structure sub-factors of parenting behavior and school adjustment. Discussions followed to suggest application of the scale in reference to mother`s parenting practices.

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