오바마 행정부의 군사전략: 2010년 QDR과 함의 = Obama Administration's Military Strategy: the 2010 QDR and Its Implications

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미 국방부가 발간하는 2010년 『4개년국방검토보고서(QDR)』가 서두에서 밝히고 있는 목적은 크게 두 가지이다. 하나는 현재와 미래의 위협 사이에서 미 군사력의 균형을 잡고, 다른 하나는 국방부의 임무를 보다 잘 수행할 수 있도록 지속적인 개혁을 추진하는 것이다. 이번 QDR은 전체 전력의 유연성과 함께 핵심 전력에 대한 투자를 강조하고, 병력의 지속가능한 순환주기를 확보하는 데 중점을 뒀다. 또한 미국 정부기관들 간의 통합된 협력과 함께 우방 및 동맹국들과의 협력을 강조했다. 그리고 글로벌 방위태세로서 협력적이고 지역맞춤형 접근을 제시했다. 미국의 외교안보 전략방위태세를 종합적으로 이해하려면 QDR 외에 2010년에 발표된 탄도미사일방어(BMDR) 검토, 핵태세검토(NPR) 검토, 그리고 국가안보전략(NSS) 보고서까지 포괄적으로 분석할 필요가 있다. 이들 보고서는 위협의 유형과 범위를 포괄적으로 규정하고, 어느 한 가지 수단에 의한 대응보다는 상황과 맥락에 맞는 유연한 대응을 제시한다는 점을 들 수 있다. 오바마 정부의 군사안보전략 보고서들은 한국에 대해서도 여러 가지 안보적 함의를 갖고 있다. QDR에서는 미군의 전진주둔과 순환배치를 언급했는데, 이는 주한미군의 전략적 유연성 활용을 시사한 것으로 볼 수 있다. NPR에서는 핵무기의 역할과 숫자의 축소가 시사되었는데, 이는 한미간 확장억지에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있다. BMDR에서 한국을 BMD 협력 대상 국가로 분류하고 있는 바, 미국과의 제한적 BMD 협력을 추진하는 한편, 한국형 MD 체제의 강화를 고려할 필요가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) indicated two goals in its preface. First is to rebalance U.S. defense posture between present and future threats, and second is to continue reform so that Defense Department can better cope with its tasks. 2010 QDR emphasized the importance of investing in core capabilities, and guaranteeing the sustainable rotational tempo of the U.S. forces. It also stressed the importance of inter-agency cooperations in U.S. government as well as collaboration among U.S. allies and partners. It suggested a regionally tailored approach as its global defense posture. In order to catch a bird's eye view on U.S. strategic posture, we need to look at other important reports, including Ballistic Missile Defense Review (BMDR), Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and National Security Strategy (NSS) report. All these reports share one characteristics: that is, they adopt a comprehensive view of threats, and suggest flexible and context-based response, rather than relying on one method. Obama administration's military-security strategy reports contain important implications for Korea. QDR addressed the forward stationing and rotational deployment of U.S. troops, which roughly hints the possibility of increased strategic flexibility of U.S. Forces in Korea. NPR proposed a decreased reliance on nuclear forces, which is an important part of U.S. extended deterrence on the Korean peninsula. BMDR indicated that South Korea is one of potential partners in its global missile defense. Korea must be prepared for a limited ballistic missile defense with the U.S. and enhanced efforts to build Korean Air and Missile Defense system.

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