The Performance of Controlled Low-strength Material Base Supporting a High-volume Asphalt Pavement

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A lack of proper base and subbase materials in pavement construction is one of the common problems in the tropical regionworldwide. In many countries such as Thailand, cementitious materials are usually used for ground improvement. Controlled LowstrengthMaterial (CLSM) was considered in this study as a pavement base material. The CLSM mixes were prepared by varyingcement, fly ash and fine aggregate content. Each mixed component was studied for their physical and chemical properties. Aftermixing, properties of the CLSM were investigated based on the standard testing of fresh concrete and cement-treated base material.
The flowability, setting time and bleeding were checked to ensure that the CLSM were self-compacting. The mechanical propertiesof hardened CLSM were determined by means of CBR, unconfined compressive strength and resilient modulus tests. The resilientmodulus results were used in the analytical design of flexible pavement with CLSM base. The critical traffic data under high-volumeroad collected by the Thailand Department of Highway was adopted in this study. Results show that the CLSM base considerablyincreased the performance as well as design life of asphalt pavement compared with the conventional crush rock base pavement.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Wu, H., "Utilization of solid wastes/by products from paper mills in Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)" 118 : 155-163, 2016

2 Katz, A., "Utilization of industrial by-products for the production of Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM)" 24 (24): 501-512, 2004

3 Kim, Y., "Utilization of excavated soil in coal ash-based Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)" 124 : 598-605, 2016

4 Miren, E., "Use of recycled fine aggregates for Control Low Strength Materials (CLSMs) production" 44 : 142-148, 2013

5 National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), "Unbound materials characterization utilizing LTPP Data, Unpublished Interim Task Report Project 1-37A, Development of the 2002 Design Guide for the Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures" National Research Council 2000

6 Asphalt Institute, "Thickness design: Asphalt pavements for highways and streets, Manual Sesies No. 1 (MS-1)" 1991

7 Achtemichuk, S., "The utilization of recycled concrete aggregate to produce controlled low-strength materials without using Portland cement" 31 (31): 564-569, 2009

8 EFNARC, "Specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete" 2002

9 Puppala, A. J., "Resilient moduli response of moderately cement-treated reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates" 23 (23): 990-998, 2011

10 Kim, D., "Resilient behavior of compacted subgrade soils under the repeated triaxial test" 21 (21): 1470-1479, 2007

11 Pedarla, A., "Performance of sand-treated clay subgrade supporting a low-volume flexible pavement" 2473 : 91-97, 2015

12 Huang, Y. H., "Pavement analysis and design, 2nd edition" Prentice Hall 2004

13 Gupta, A., "Mechanistic-empirical approach for design of low volume pavements" 16 (16): 797-808, 2014

14 Likitlersuang, S., "Laboratory investigation of the performances of cement and fly ash modified asphalt concrete mixtures" 9 (9): 337-344, 2016

15 Chompoorat, T., "Laboratory investigation of hot mix asphalt behaviour for mechanistic-empirical pavement design in tropical countries" 46 (46): 37-44, 2015

16 Jongpradist, P., "Influence of fly ash on unconfined compressive strength of cement-admixed clay at high water content" 22 (22): 49-58, 2010

17 Tan Manh Do, "Influence of Curing Conditions on Engineering Properties of Controlled Low Strength Material Made with Cementless Binder" 대한토목학회 21 (21): 1774-1782, 2017

18 Selvi, P., "Fatigue and rutting strain analysis on lime stabilized subgrades to develop a pavement design chart" 2 : 20-29, 2015

19 Kuo, W. T., "Engineering properties of controlled low-strength materials containing waste oyster shells" 46 : 128-133, 2013

20 May, R. W., "Effective granular modulus to model pavement response" Transportation Research Board (810) : 1-9, 1981

21 Chindaprasirt, P., "Effect of fly ash fineness on compressive strength and pore size of blended cement paste" 27 : 425-428, 2005

22 Heukelom, W., "Dynamic testing as a means of controlling pavements during and after construction" 667-679, 1962

23 Chompoorat, T., "Dynamic properties of cement treated clay" 273-279, 2012

24 Gabr, M. A., "Controlled low-strength material using fly ash and AMD sludge" 76 (76): 251-263, 2000

25 Muniandy, R., "Comparison of flexible pavement performance using Kenlayer and Chev PC software program" 7 (7): 112-119, 2013

26 Wen, H., "Characterization of cementitiously stabilized layers for use in pavement design and analysis" National Cooperative Highway Research Program 2014

27 Horpibulsuk, S., "Assessment of strength development in blended cement admixed Bangkok clay" 25 : 1521-1531, 2011

28 Department of Highways, "Analytical design of new flexible pavements in Thailand, Pavement Technology Project" 2001

29 Taesiri, Y., "An engineering manual highway pavement design, Training on Sustainable Road Development" 2002

30 "ASTM Designation D 4832. Standard test method for preparation and testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) test cylinders"

31 "ASTM Designation D 2166. Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil"

32 "ASTM Designation D 1883. Standard test method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of laboratory-compacted soils"

33 "ASTM Designation C 939. Standard test method for flow of grout for preplaced-aggregate concrete (flow cone method)"

34 "ASTM Designation C 403. Standard test method for time of setting of concrete mixtures by penetration resistance"

35 "ASTM Designation C 232. Standard test methods for bleeding of concrete"

36 "ASTM Designation C 231. Standard test method for air content of freshly mixed concrete by the pressure method"

37 "ASTM Designation C 1611. Standard test method for slump flow of self-consolidating concrete"

38 "ACI Committee 229. Controlled low strength materials (ACI 229R)" American Concrete Institute 1999

39 "AASHTO T307. Standard method of test for determining the resilient modulus of soil and aggregate materials"

40 Wang, H. Y., "A study of the engineering properties of CLSM with a new type of slag" 102 : 422-427, 2016

41 Bamrungpong, W., "A study of properties of controlled low - strength material made from fly ash utilized as pavement base material" 28 (28): 15-26, 2017