This study tries to understand David Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory(KELT) through the philosophical Hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. First, it looks into the understanding of Kolb's experiential learning presented in 1984, and other critics...
This study tries to understand David Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory(KELT) through the philosophical Hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. First, it looks into the understanding of Kolb's experiential learning presented in 1984, and other critics’ understandings of experiential learning. In addition, the study compares the advanced understanding of Kolb in 2015 to those of critics and attempts to understand KELT and criticisms differently through Gadamer's argument.
In his book 『Experiential Learning』, Kolb explains how experience plays a role in learning. He defines learning as "the process whereby knowledge is created through transformation of experience" and explains the relationship among experience, learning and knowledge. Learning cycles into ‘concrete experience’, ‘reflective observation’, ‘abstract conceptualization’, and ‘active experiment’, and a learner reacts to the learning situation with a strategy of learning style. Furthermore, a learner develops oneself to the integrated stage through learning.
Different understandings of experiential learning from that of Kolb have appeared as criticisms. Elena Michelson, who has the most contrasting understanding of experience with that of Kolb's, has raised a counterargument against his theory. She and other critics first criticize the ambiguity of concrete experience, secondly the dichotomy of experience and reflection, and thirdly the individualistic experience.
In its second edition, Kolb emphasizes that the learning cycle is a spiral, and uses the concept of ‘learning flexibility’ to describe the mobility of learners who transact with the environment. He also introduces a learner who achieves self-development by their own will through ‘deliberate experiential learning’ and metacognitive learning. Moreover, he responds the previous criticisms. Kolb supplements the description of concrete experience with ‘pure experience'. When it comes to claims that experience and reflection are divided in a dichotomous way, he contradicts them by arguing that they did not understand what he calls the ‘holistic process.’ Finally, he explains that although his theory focuses on individuals, it is compatible with the critical theory. But his counterargument does not appear to be affective.
Although Kolb tries to offer a new understanding of experiential learning through the second edition, previous criticisms against KELT still remain valid. The study contradicts the previous criticisms against Kolb's theory, using Gadamer's discussion, in his book 『Truth and Method』, in which that Gadamer carefully analyzes the historical and social nature of experience.
The here-and-now experience can be defined as ‘all previous experiences and history’ through Gadamer. The experience we face is a ‘new’ experience, as Kolb says, but it is also a historical experience. Second, Gadamer does not consider experience and reflection as two different concepts. Experience is accompanied by previous reflection, and reflection is also accompanied by previous experience. Experience and reflection allow us to realize human finiteness, which means ‘self-awareness’. The concepts of experience, reflection, knowledge and identity are not treated separately in Gadamer's discussion. Thirdly, according to Gadamer, our experience is bound to be influenced by language, and language itself is social. Thus, our experience is inevitably social. Through language and history, a learner transacts with environment in a sense that a learner and environment are changing each other.
KELT, through Gadamer’s theory, has three lifelong educational implications. First, experience can be identified as the lifelong ‘course of learning and development’. Second, experience can induce the meaning of life itself through self-awareness of human finiteness and helps us to meditate the meaning of lifelong learning. Third, experience emphasizes the social aspect of learning by illuminating the characteristics of the transaction.