장자 철학에서 「양생주」의 함의에 대한 고찰 = A Study on the Implication of Chap. three: The Primacy of Nourishing Life in Zuangzi`philosophy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper, to make clear Zuangzi`s philosophy, has investigated the fables in ``Chap. three: The Primacy of Nourishing Life養生主`` in depth, discovered newly the implied meaning behind the fables in it. Although the fables seem discursive at first, this chapter is internally composed of 6 chapters meticulously arranged together, and externally corresponds intimately with other chapters in Zuangzi. Furthermore, this fact implies that Nourishing Life養生 in this chapter means to solve the fundamental anxieties of mankind to attain ‘freedom of mind’, in other words ‘Wandering Far and Unfettered逍遙遊’. In this chapter, the word ‘Nourishing Life’ embraces the meaning of solution for the three universal and fundamental anxieties that appear in our lives, namely, the solution for anxiety ‘from physical imperfection, from not being used in society, and from death as ceasing to exist.’ The fables of ‘Commander of the Right右師’s one leg, the pheasant in the cage, and Laodan老聃`s funeral` deal with each of these issues. The three anxieties dealt with in this chapter are intensively examined respectively in the next three chapters[Chap. five: Makers of Full Virtuosity德充符, Chap. four: In the Human World人間世, and Chap. six: The Great Source as Teacher大宗師]. Here Zuangzi breaks away the social convention by depicting ‘physical imperfection, uselessness, and death’ as positive. This shows how groundless and weak these social conventions are and eventually induces Equalizing Assessment of Things齊物 and having no fixed identity无己. When one reaches these stage, sadness and joy cannot be dwelled upon. This is Liberation from the dangle縣解 and the stage of Wandering Far and Unfettered逍遙遊`. From this perspective, the reason for placing ``Chap. three: The Primacy of Nourishing Life`` after 2 core chapters in Zuangzi, namely, Chap. one: Wandering Far and Unfettered逍遙遊 and Chap. two: Equalizing Assessment of Things齊物論, is to present the fundamental problems of mankind that must be solved to reach the stage of Wandering Far and Unfettered`, and to point out that solving these problems will bring true Nourishing Life. Chap. three: The Primacy of Nourishing Life is the introduction to the issues of mankind and the following ``Chap. four: In the Human World, Chap. five: Makers of Full Virtuosity and Chap. six: The Great Source as Teacher`` are the details of these issues.

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