중국의 수자원 이용과 정책에 관한 연구 = A Study on Water Availability and Policy in China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

China is absolutely short of water, where per capita water supply is just one-fourth of world average. Currently, over one-half of the major cities have to tolerate water shortage, to a certain extent, and that water shortage is making the deserts in Northwest China wider and wider at a very fast speed. Examination of average water quality of all the rivers in China indicates that, while as much as 21.3% belong to fifth class or lower, just 5.1% belong to first class, suggesting the level of water pollution is very high. The emissions of water pollutants in China is comparable to the sum of those in 2nd through 5th largest countries in the world. Clearly, most of the indices related to the usage of water resources in China are not promising.
Then, is there any room for those bad conditions to be improved? According to a forecast for supply and demand of water resources until 2050, per capita water supply is going to decrease. As China pursues high economic growth, the extent of water shortage is expected to become more serious. Recognizing such a problem, Chinese government has employed mandatory water-saving policy. Also, Chinese government promotes a large 'Northen Usage of Southern Water' project so that extra water in Changjiang area can flow to, and be used in, Huanghe area. Despite of some tight governmental policies to preserve water resources, it seems less likely that the current condition of water resources supply and demand will be significantly improved within near future.
Today, the policy issue of water resources usage, management, and policy, is so important that it does not belong anymore to the realm of individual areas or countries alone. That is why it is getting global attention. More than any other countries in the world, Korea is affected, due to the geographic location, directly by the results of Chinese water usage and management. For that reason, mutual cooperation between China and Korea is needed indeed to protect the environments of Northeast Asia and the remaining part of the world, as well.

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