정부조직법에 근거한 강력한 행정부의 대두와 대통령비서실의 역할: 제1공화국을 중심으로 = The Establishment of the Powerful Executive Branch and the Role of Presidential Office based on the Government Organization Law: the First Republic

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the twentieth century, the state with the presidential political system has experienced the weakening of the legislative branch and the increasingly concentration of power into the executive branch. Korea, which has evolved to be a powerful executive-centered state, is not the exception to this phenomena. The prior studies have focused and reviewed from the Third Republic to illuminate the power transition to the executive branch and the presidential power concentration. The power transition and concentration during the First and the Second Republic have been overlooked by the related academic circles. This study elaborates from the First Republic with the emphasis on the Government Organization Laws in order to illuminate how the First Republic has achieved the presidential power concentration and the evolution of the powerful executive branch from the nation building process amongst the national identity crisis and the total destruction of the economic basis by the Korean War. Also, the role of the Presidential Office is reviewed together in the transition of the executive branch. In process of making the powerful presidential government organization during the First Republic, it is noticed that the Presidential Office had played a limited role only as the political support staff for president`s efforts and political goal. Accordingly, its organizational size was not huge nor complex unlike today`s presidential office. In addition, it is observed that President Singman Lee himself did not view the presidential office as the appropriate medium to exercise political power and supervise other executive organizations. He regarded that enhancing president`s direct control over executive organizational strata is the foundation for the establishment of true executive-centered presidential political system.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 위키백과, "헌법 및 정부조직법 기초위원회"

2 "헌법 [헌법 제3호, 1954.11.29, 일부개정] [시행 1954.11.29.]"

3 "헌법 [헌법 제1호, 1948. 7.17, 제정] [시행 1948. 7.17]"

4 정창화, "한국 대통령비서실과 독일 연방수상실(Bundeskanzleramt)의 조직 및 기능에 관한 비교분석: 교차국가연구(cross national studies)를 통한 분석" 14 (14): 2003

5 조석준, "청와대비서실의 조직에 관한 연구" 29 (29): 1991

6 오동렬, "청와대 외교･안보 비서실의 수상한 색깔: 새 정부 통일정책을 교란시키는 청와대 속의 냉전주의자" (6) : 1994

7 김동욱, "중앙정부 조직개편과 기능조정 연구: 기본방향과 대통령비서실 개편" 2003

8 "정부조직법 [법률 제354호, 1955. 2. 7, 전부개정] [시행 1955. 2. 7]"

9 "정부조직법 [법률 제1호, 1948. 7.17, 제정] [시행 1948. 7.17]"

10 월간조선부, "역대비서관 명단. in: 비록 한국의 대통령" 조선일보사 출판국 1993

11 "동아 닷콤 인물정보"

12 김 혁, "대통령의 리더십과 비서실 조직구조에 관한 연구: 백악관 비서실조직의 사례를 중심으로" 35 (35): 2001

13 최평길, "대통령실의 조직, 정책, 관리 기능 비교연구" 28 (28): 1994

14 박혁신, "대통령비서실의 성과평가체계 고찰: 노무현 행정부의 ‘e지원시스템’을 중심으로" 41 (41): 2008

15 김정해, "대통령 비서실의 제도화 성격 분석: John Burke 모형에 따른 한국사례의 비교 분석" 한국행정학회 37 (37): 225-247, 2003

16 배정훈, "국민의 정부 청와대비서실 운영원칙과 비서실장의 역할(요건) 및 발탁사항에 관한 연구" 31 (31): 245-260, 1997

17 Lowi, T.J., "The End of Liberalism: The second republic of th United States. in: 500 Fifth Avenue" W.W. Norton & Company, Inc 1979

18 Nivola, P.S., "Classic Reading in American Politics" St. Martin's Press, Inc 1986

19 배정훈, "15대 대통령의 청와대비서실 운영원칙과 비서실장 발탁 관련사항에 관한 연구" 1997