잉카 시대 안데스 원주민의 세계관을 통해서 본 아이유(Ayllu)의 사회경제구조 -이원론과 상호성을 중심으로- = Ayllu’s Social and Economic Structure Viewed Through the Andean Worldview During the Inca Empire

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article analyzes how the Ayllu’s social and economic systems were viewed from the perspective of the Andeans during the Incan empire. Specifically, this paper looks at how reciprocity and dualism were the founding principles which affected the establishment of all social and economic structures existing at the time, from systems ranging from labor organization all the way to the conceptualization of land ownership. From its inception, the Ayllu’s social and economic structures were based on Andean worldview and cultural values, particularly the social collective values of dualism and reciprocity. Firstly, the concept of Andean dualism and reciprocity are particularly reflected in the Ayllu’s organization of class structure. Kurakas, Ayllu’s nobility, and Jatunrunas, Allyu’s term for common people, cooperated with each other and significantly relied on each other in order to maintain an orderly and peaceful existence. Secondly, within the the Allyu’s conceptualism of labor organization, the idea of communality, based on the promise of reciprocity, was the underlying social agreement which legitimized the Allyu’s land-holding, which was considering the most significant kind of property. In contrast, the Andean indigenous people believed that nature could not become personal property, and rather that human beings and nature should coexist in harmony. In reality, Andean people valued mutual cooperation and respect amongst themselves, but the transactions occurring within the Ayllu’s economy were based on realistic needs, which eventually led to instances of control, revenge, use of force, and high competition. I insist that we should avoid idealize the Ayllu. While the Andean traditional worldview was reflected in Ayllu society, it was still somewhat distant from the socio-economic structure of the Ayllu.
(Institute of Latin American Studies, HUFS / [e-mail])

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