고려시대 합포 지역사회 = Happo(合浦) Local Society in the Goryeo Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Happo(合浦) County, representing today`s Masan, stems from Happo, the old Chinese name meaning a town with an honest and clean ruler since the Han dynasty. The change from Golpo(骨浦) to Happo, therefore, was a national wish to look for good politics of local governors as well as the happiness and security of people`s lives. In the troublesome transition from the late Unified Silla to the early Goryeo, regional restructuring was made. In the 9th year of King Hyeonjong, a massive system reshuffle made Happo belong to Geumju(金州). Even though no governor was sent to Happo County, a sacrifice storage named Seokduchang(石頭倉) was stationed there, serving as an important foothold of gathering sacrificial products. When Yuan`s rule was about to begin after a long war with Mongolia, Happo was the birthplace of Sambyeolcho(三別抄) struggle. As the villages in the southern coast at that time were already in the control of the Sambyeolcho, Happo was attacked three times owing to the help of the residents there. When Sambyeolcho struggle was at last suppressed, Happo was highlighted again as an advance base for Japanese expeditionby the Goryeo-Mongolia allied forces, in consideration of the blessed natural conditions, short direct distance to Japan, and the existence of the sacrifice storage. The conquest of Japan in two trials failed at all. Happo had to supply all the materials and facilities for the treatment and rehabilitation of the injured soldiers returning from Japan. In short, Happo looked like a military city. Another shock to Happo was the invasion of Japanese pirates. Their raid left great damages to the residents, but this simply proved that Happo was an essential place of military importance. That is, southern territory was regarded as important as northern one in national defense. With the establishment of military headquarters soon, Happo came to act as a strategic point.