The Seaport City as a Contact Zone = Considering its Potential through the Lens of 1940s Kobe Literature

국문 초록 (Abstract)

16세기 이후의 세계 체제에서 해항도시들은 제국의 식민지 지배를 위한 중추적인 공간이자 식민지 수탈의 공간이었던 동시에, 제국의 지배로부터 독립과 자유를 모색하기 위해 제국의 문화 자원을 활용하는 식민지 사람들을 위한 장소이기도 했다. 이러한 대조적인 특성을 바탕으로 해항도시는 바다와 인간 사회, 제국과 식민지, 제국 수도와 해항도시, 도시 공간과 배후지(자연환경을 포함), 제국 시민과 식민지 시민, 부와 가난, 그리고 해항도시 간 등, 차원이 다른 요소 사이의 다원적 접촉과 충돌, 혼용, 조화가 반복되는 콘택트 존으로 기능해왔다. 해항도시의 경험과 기억은 21세기 포스트 국민국가 시대에 공정하고 보다 평화로운 세계(사회)의 건설을 위한 지혜를 내포하고 있다. 본 연구는 1940년대 제2차 세계대전에 즈음한 고베(神戶)를 배경으로 하는 문학작품을 다각적으로 분석하여 콘택트 존으로서 해항도시 고베의 다양한 속성을 밝히고자 한다. 본문에서 중점적으로 다루는 오오카 쇼헤이(大岡昇平)의 소설 산소(酸素)는 공산주의에서 전향하여 해군에 군수 물자를 제공하는 프랑스 회사에 재직하고 있던 일본인 직원을 주인공으로 한다. 작품의 분석을 통해 국민국가 시대에 다국적 도시공간의 비전을 제시할 수 있기를 기대한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the history of the modern world-system of the 16<SUP>th</SUP> century and beyond, seaport cities have often been a pivotal space for colonial domination by imperial powers, and have played the role of depriving their colonies of wealth. However, seaport cities have also frequently been a site for colonized peoples to make use of imperial cultural resources to explore independence and freedom from the rule of those very same empires. With these contrasting characteristics, seaports have been a pluralistic contact zone that repeats conflict, intermixing, and harmonization between differing elements in multiple dimensions, such as between the ocean and human society, colonial powers and colonized regions, imperial capitals and seaports, urban spaces and hinterlands (including the natural environment), citizens of colonial powers from urban environments and citizens of colonized regions, affluent and impoverished, and between seaports. Their experiences and memories contain latent wisdom directed toward the construction of a fairer and more peaceful world (society), even in the 21<SUP>st</SUP> century post-nation-state era.
In this paper, I will clarify the diverse attributes of the seaport city Kobe 神戸 as a contact zone through a multifaceted introduction of literature texts set in World War II Kobe around the year 1940. In particular, I will elaborate on 大岡昇平Shohei Ooka’s novel Sanso (酸素 “Oxygen”), whose focal character has converted from communism and now is an employee of a French company that provides military supplies to the navy. Through considering these texts, I hope to present a vision of a multi-national urban space in the post-nation-state era.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. Kobe in Modern Literature as a City of Immigrants
• Ⅲ. Modernism and Politics in the 1920s-1940s
• Ⅳ. The Seaport City as a “Port for Refugees”
• Ⅴ. As a Stage for Human Comedy - Shohei Ooka’s Sanso (“Oxygen”)
• Ⅵ. Kobe within Asia - Shunshin Chin’s Wartime Novels and the Chinese Diaspora
• Ⅶ. Kobe Within Asia - Okinawa and Korea
• Ⅷ. Conclusion - Reflecting on a History of Welcoming and Expulsion
• Reference
• 국문초록
• Abstract

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