Chemopreventive and Anticancer Activities of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum Extracts

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background: Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum is an edible perennial herb and has been used as a vegetable or as a Korean traditional medicine. Allium species have received much attention owing to their diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, A. victorialis var. platyphyllum needs more study.
Methods: The chemopreventive potential of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum methanol extracts was examined by measuring 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced superoxide anion production in the differentiated HL-60 cells, TPA-induced mouse ear edema, and Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity. The apoptosis-inducing capabilities of the extracts were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and the DNA fragmentation assay in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Antimetastatic activities of the extracts were also investigated in an experimental mouse lung metastasis model.
Results: The methanol extracts of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum rhizome (AVP-R) and A. victorialis var. platyphyllum stem (AVP-S) dose-dependently inhibited the TPA-induced generation of superoxide anion in HL-60 cells and TPA-induced ear edema in mice, as well as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) -induced bacterial mutagenesis. AVP-R and AVP-S reduced cell viability in a dose-related manner and induced apoptotic morphological changes and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HT-29 cells. In the experimental mouse lung metastasis model, the formation of tumor nodules in lung tissue was significantly inhibited by the treatment of the extracts.
Conclusions: AVP-R and AVP-S possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, proapoptotic, and antimetastatic activities. Therefore, these extracts can serve as a beneficial supplement for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Nishimura H, "Thermochemical transformation of sulfur compounds in Japanese domestic Allium, Allium victorialis L" 13 : 257-263, 2000

2 Pitot HC, "The molecular biology of carcinogenesis" 72 (72): 962-970, 1993

3 Nakamura Y, "Suppression of tumor promoter-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in mouse skin by a superoxide generation inhibitor 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate" 58 : 4832-4839, 1998

4 Fidler IJ, "Selection of successive tumour lines for metastasis" 242 : 148-149, 1973

5 Corea G, "Saponins and flavonoids of Allium triquetrum" 66 : 1405-1411, 2003

6 Osakabe N, "Rosmarinic acid inhibits epidermal inflammatory responses: anticarcinogenic effect of Perilla frutescens extract in the murine two-stage skin model" 25 : 549-557, 2004

7 Maron DM, "Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test" 113 : 173-215, 1983

8 Surh YJ, "Resveratrol, an antioxidant present in red wine, induces apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells" 140 : 1-10, 1999

9 Hong WK, "Recent advances in chemoprevention of cancer" 278 : 1073-1077, 1997

10 Cerutti PA, "Prooxidant states and tumor promotion" 227 : 375-381, 1985

11 Teufelhofer O, "Promyelocytic HL60 cells express NADPH oxidase and are excellent targets in a rapid spectrophotometric microplate assay for extracellular superoxide" 76 : 376-383, 2003

12 Wattenberg LW, "Prevention--therapy--basic science and the resolution of the cancer problem" 53 : 5890-5896, 1993

13 Tsao AS, "Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extract in patients with high-risk oral premalignant lesions" 2 : 931-941, 2009

14 Pisters KM, "Phase I trial of oral green tea extract in adult patients with solid tumors" 19 : 1830-1838, 2001

15 Shanafelt TD, "Phase I trial of daily oral Polyphenon E in patients with asymptomatic Rai stage 0 to II chronic lymphocytic leukemia" 27 : 3808-3814, 2009

16 Cheng AL, "Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions" 21 : 2895-2900, 2001

17 Marnett LJ, "Peroxyl free radicals: potential mediators of tumor initiation and promotion" 8 : 1365-1373, 1987

18 Simkens LH, "Optimal duration of systemic treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer" 26 : 448-453, 2014

19 Green DR, "Mitochondria and apoptosis" 281 : 1309-1312, 1998

20 Park KK, "Inhibitory effects of [6]-gingerol, a major pungent principle of ginger, on phorbol ester-induced inflammation, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and skin tumor promotion in ICR mice" 129 : 139-144, 1998

21 Murakami A, "Inhibitory effect of citrus nobiletin on phorbol ester-induced skin inflammation, oxidative stress, and tumor promotion in mice" 60 : 5059-5066, 2000

22 Yang GY, "Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by tea polyphenols" 19 : 611-616, 1998

23 Halliday GM, "Inflammation, gene mutation and photoimmunosuppression in response to UVR-induced oxidative damage contributes to photocarcinogenesis" 571 : 107-120, 2005

24 Philip M, "Inflammation as a tumor promoter in cancer induction" 14 : 433-439, 2004

25 Coussens LM, "Inflammation and cancer" 420 : 860-867, 2002

26 Woo KW, "Flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum and their anti-neuroinflammatory effects" 22 : 7465-7470, 2012

27 Sun XM, "Distinct caspase cascades are initiated in receptor-mediated and chemical-induced apoptosis" 274 : 5053-5060, 1999

28 Jiang MC, "Curcumin induces apoptosis in immortalized NIH 3T3 and malignant cancer cell lines" 26 : 111-120, 1996

29 Lee KT, "Constituents and the antitumor principle of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum" 24 : 44-50, 2001

30 Gupta S, "Chemoprevention of skin cancer: current status and future prospects" 21 : 363-380, 2002

31 Morré DJ, "Capsaicin inhibits preferentially the NADH oxidase and growth of transformed cells in culture" 92 : 1831-1835, 1995

32 Song IH, "Cancer metastasis and metastasis suppressors" 43 : 1-7, 2004

33 Surh YJ, "Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals" 3 : 768-780, 2003

34 Kundu JK, "Breaking the relay in deregulated cellular signal transduction as a rationale for chemoprevention with anti-inflammatory phytochemicals" 591 : 123-146, 2005

35 Budihardjo I, "Biochemical pathways of caspase activation during apoptosis" 15 : 269-290, 1999

36 Thompson CB, "Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease" 267 : 1456-1462, 1995

37 Ashkenazi A, "Apoptosis control by death and decoy receptors" 11 : 255-260, 1999

38 Shirataki Y, "Antioxidative activity of Allium victorialis L. extracts" 21 : 3331-3339, 2001

39 Wakabayashi C, "An intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins has the ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells" 246 : 725-730, 1998