중국 풍력에너지관련 법과 문제점 = Problems with Wind Energy in China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

China is both the largest emitter of greenhouse gases and the fastest growing renewable energy market in the world. China currently employs various ways to reduce greenhouse gases and pollution including the monitoring the discharge of pollutants and the use of economic incentives and penalties. One of China’s solutions to the problem of environmental degradation is to increase the amount of energy it derives from renewable sources.
Renewable energy comes from different natural resources such as hydropower,sunlight, wind, geothermal heat, and biomass. Although China’s major renewable energy source has been hydropower, wind energy represents its fastest growing source and one that has significant growth potential for future. Wind energy is an attractive source of energy because it uses a natural, virtually inexhaustible source of power; it also doesn’t produce any pollution or hazardous waste. As China faces difficult dilemma of balancing economic development and environmental protection, China must promote renewable energy policy which has multiple effects such as environmental protection and creation of new growth engines for its economy.
Although growing at a rapid pace, China’s wind farms are not operating efficiently.
The cause of this inefficiency is both technological and legal. First, China has failed to cope with the technical problem of wind variability and transmission. China’s major wind farms are not fully connected to the grids and the power produced cannot be delivered to the end users. Second, China also suffers from the shortcomings in the laws and policies, including lack of supervisory and enforcement mechanisms. Without unified guidelines on renewable energy developments and proper channel to monitor local governments’ compliance with China’s Renewable Energy Law, it is hard to ensure the grid companies purchase the renewable energy produced by the wind farms.A comprehensive plan that addresses both technical problems of wind variability and administrative issues of the Renewable Energy Law will be indispensible to the sustainable development of wind power industry in China.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

중국은 온실가스 최대 배출국이며 동시에 세계에서 가장 빠르게 성장하는 재생에너지 시장이다. 중국은 현재 온실가스 및 환경오염 억제를 위해 오염 물질배출을 모니터링하고 인세티브와 벌금 부과등 다양한 방법들을 시도하고 있다.
환경파괴 문제에 대한 중국의 해결책 중 하나는 재생에너지부문의 육성이다.
재생에너지는 수력, 태양광, 풍력, 지열 및 바이오 매스 등 다양한 천연자원으로부터 발생된다. 현재까지는 중국의 주요 재생에너지는 수력이었지만 풍력에너지는 가장 빠르게 성장하고 있고 상당한 성장 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 에너지 생산과정에서 환경오염이나 유해 폐기물을 생산하지 않고 고갈되지 않는 매력적인에너지 자원이다. 경제발전과 환경개선이라는 난제에 직면한 중국으로서는 환경개선 및 신성장동력 창출등의 다원적인 효과를 지닌 재생에너지 개발을 적극 추진해야 할 것이다.
중국 풍력발전은 빠른 속도로 성장하고 있지만, 발전시설이 효율적으로 운영되고 있지 않다. 이런 비효율성의 원인은 기술, 정책 및 법 제도에서 찾을 수 있는데 첫째, 중국은 바람의 가변성 및 송전의 기술적인 문제에 대처하는데 실패했다. 중국의 주요 풍력발전시설들은 완전히 송전망에 연결되지 않아 생산된 전력이 최종 소비자들에게 전달되지 않고 있다. 둘째, 재생에너지법 제도와 정책은감독과 집행방법 부재 등의 문제점을 드러내고 있다. 재생에너지개발과 중국 재생에너지법은 지방정부의 준수 여부를 모니터링 하는 적절한 감독기관에 관한일관된 가이드라인 없이는 송전망 회사가 풍력발전으로부터 생산되는 전력구매를 보장하기 어렵다.
풍력발전의 가변성에 관한 기술적 문제와 재생에너지에 관련된 법률 및 정책적 이슈들을 고려하는 총체적인 계획은 중국 풍력발전산업의 지속적인 발전에필수요건이 될 것이다.

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