한국 대학생의 진로정체감 지위에 따른 진로태도성숙, 자아존중감, 우울 및 대학적응의 차이: VISA(Vocational Identity Status Assessment) 모형을 중심으로 = The Difference in Career Attitude Maturity, Self-esteem, Depression and College Adjustment between Vocational Identity Status: Focused on the Vocational Identity Status Assessment(VISA)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research was performed to confirm the six statuses (i.e., achievement, searching moratorium, moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion, and undifferentiation) of the Porfeli's (2011) Vocation Identity Status Assessment model. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the level of vocational identity status and individuals' career attitude maturity, self-esteem, depression, and adaptation in college. The total of 446 Korean college students participated in this study. The results showed as follows. First, vocational identity status of Korean college students were divided into six statuses based on the level of three factors; career exploration, commitment, and reconsideration. The feature of each vocation identity status was almost identical with the results of porfeli’s (2011) study. Second, gender and major variables were not significantly related to the vocational identity status. On the other hand, as the student's grade goes up (from freshmen to senior), the proportion of achievement and searching moratorium statuses increased. On the other hand, the proportion of diffusion and moratorium statuses decreased, as student's grade goes up. Third, career attitude maturity was significantly related to vocational identity statuses. That is, individuals with achievement and foreclosure statuses have higher scores on career attitude maturity whereas individuals with moratorium and diffusion statuses have lower scores on career attitude maturity. Fourth, self-esteem and depression were also related to their vocational identity status. That is, individuals with diffusion, undifferentiation, and moratorium statuses have higher scores on depression and lower scores on self-esteem. On the other hand, individuals with foreclosure and achievement status have lower scores on depression and higher scores on self-esteem. Individuals with achievement status had the higher scores on college adaptation, followed by searching moratorium, foreclosure. undifferentiation. On the other hand, individuals with moratorium and diffusion statuses were lower scores on college adaptation. Overall, this study indicated that achievement, foreclosure, andsearching moratorium were relatively mature statuses whereas those of moratorium, diffusion, undifferentiation were rather immature statuses in career development.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 우리나라 대학생 446명을 대상으로 하여, Porfeli 등(2011)의 진로정체감 지위 평가(Vocational Identity Status Assesment; VISA) 모델의 6개 지위-성취(Achievement), 탐색유예(Searching Moratorium), 유예(Moratorium), 유실(Foreclosure), 혼미(Diffusion), 미분화(Undifferentiation)-로 분류되는지 확인하고, 진로정체감 지위에 따른 진로태도성숙과 자아존중감, 우울 및 대학적응 수준에 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. 연구 결과 VISA척도의 탐색(Exploration), 관여(Commitment), 관여의 재고려(Career Reconsideration) 세 차원에 따라 우리나라 대학생의 진로정체감 지위가 6개의 지위로 유의미하게 분류되었으며, 각 진로정체감 지위는 Porfeli 등(2011)의 연구에서 나타난 특성과 비슷한 것으로 확인되었다. 성별과 전공은 진로정체감 지위 분포와 관련이 없었으나 학년이 올라감에 따라 혼미와 유예지위는 줄어들고 성취와 탐색유예 지위의 비율이 증가하였다. 진로정체감 지위에 따른 진로태도성숙은 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며 성취지위와 유실지위가 가장 높은 점수를 나타냈고 다음으로 탐색유예, 미분화지위가 중간정도의 점수를, 마지막으로 유예지위와 혼미지위가 가장 낮은 진로태도성숙 점수를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 자아존중감과 우울에서도 집단 간에 차이가 있었는데, 혼미와 미분화, 유예 지위는 높은 우울과 낮은 자아존중감을 갖고 있었고, 유실과 성취 지위는 낮은 우울과 높은 자아존중감을 갖고 있었다. 대학적응 수준에서도 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있었는데, 대학적응 점수는 성취지위에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 탐색유예와 유실지위가 높은 점수를 얻었으며, 미분화지위는 평균수준의 점수를, 마지막으로 유예와 혼미지위가 가장 낮은 대학적응 수준을 보이고 있었다. 종합적으로 성취와 유실, 탐색유예 지위는 진로발달 수준이 높은 지위이고, 유예와 혼미, 미분화 지위는 진로발달 수준이 상대적으로 낮은 수준이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

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