실행 기능과 읽기 발달: 억제 및 전환 능력은 어떻게 읽기 발달에 관여하는가? = Executive Functions and Development of Reading: How inhibition and switching affect reading development?

국문 초록 (Abstract)

읽기 발달의 개인차에 기여하는 요인들은 매우 다양하다. 최근에는 실행 기능이 읽기 발달의 개인차에 관여하는 주요 변인이라는 연구들이 보고되면서 읽기 능력의 발달에 있어 실행 기능의 역할이 새롭게 조명되고 있다. 본고에서는 읽기 발달에 실행 기능 중에서도 억제 능력과 전환 능력이 구체적으로 연령에 따라 어떻게 기여하는지를 학령기와 학령전기로 나누어 검토하였다. 특히, 읽기 발달과 관련성을 가진 것으로 보고된 억제와 전환 능력들의 측정 방식들을 세밀히 검토하여 구체적으로 읽기와 관련된 실행 기능의 요소와 개념을 검토하였다. 이와 더불어 구어 이해의 경로를 통해 실행 기능이 읽기에 미치는 간접적 영향도 함께 살펴보았다. 그리고 실행 기능 향상 프로그램들의 효과를 검증한 연구들의 개괄을 통해 실행 기능 향상을 통한 읽기 및 언어 이해 향상의 방안을 모색하고, 관련하여 필요한 추후 연구들을 제언하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Various factors contribute to individual differences in reading development. Among these factors, the executive functions (EF) has recently received much interest as the main agent that causes individual variations in reading development. In this review, we examined how EF, especially inhibitory control and switching components of EF, relate to reading abilities from preschool years to school years and beyond. Specifically, we reviewed various measures that have been used to tap into these two sub-components of EF across many studies testing children at various ages, and how these measures relate to which aspects of reading, such as, comprehension, fluency, or emergent literacy skills. Also a review was conducted on the research that reported transfer effect of training designed to improve EF into reading skills and tried to examine direct and indirect routes the EF can influence reading development.

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