The key regulatory gene CaAN2 encoding R2R3 Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor has been known to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in various tissues in pepper. CaAN2 is not expressed in certain pepper accessions showing fruit-specific anthocya...
The key regulatory gene CaAN2 encoding R2R3 Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor has been known to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in various tissues in pepper. CaAN2 is not expressed in certain pepper accessions showing fruit-specific anthocyanin accumulation. In this study, a novel locus named CaAN3 that regulates fruit-specific anthocyanin biosynthesis was identified. An F2 population segregating for CaAN3 was constructed by self-pollination of an F1 hybrid cultivar showing purple immature fruits. Total RNA was extracted from the F2 plants and separately pooled according to purple and green phenotypes. Three RNA pools containing six individuals were prepared for each phenotype. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was conducted for two different RNA pools via the Illumina platform. Raw sequences were aligned to the pepper reference genome ‘Dempsey’, and a total of 6,672 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by calculating (SNP index) between the two pools. Molecular mapping was conducted to delimit the target region of CaAN3 spanning 184.6 - 186.4 Mbp of chromosome 10. Fifteen candidate genes were annotated in the target region, and Dem.v1.00043895, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, was selected from them as the strongest candidate gene based on the differentially expressed genes analysis result. Sequence analysis revealed that there are four indel variations in the promoter region of the CaAN3 green allele. Virus-induced gene silencing and transient overexpression assay were performed to characterize the function of the candidate gene. When Dem.v1.00043895 was silenced, anthocyanin accumulation in pericarps was significantly reduced. When Dem.v1.00043895 was overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, anthocyanins accumulated around the inoculation sites. These results showed that Dem.v1.00043895 functions as CaAN3, an activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper fruits. Gene expression analysis and genotypic screening were performed using 24 different pepper accessions to test whether CaAN3 functions generally. CaAN3 was expressed only in the fruit-specific purple accessions. However, genotype analysis revealed that the structural variations in the promoter region were not directly related to the expression of CaAN3, indicating that another genetic factor is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper fruit.