미세조류 3종의 먹이에 따른 피조개 Scapharca broughtonii 유생과 부착치패의 성장과 생존 = Effect of Three Microalgal Species on Growth and Survival of Larvae and Spat of Ark Shell Scapharca broughtonii

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Growth and survival (%) of the larvae and spats of Scapharca broughtonii fed on three different microalgal species (Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri and Chaetoceros simplex) were investigated with the analysis of fatty acid composition. The larvae fed on mixed diet with three microalgal species showed the highest growth in shell length (261.3 ± 13.5 μm) and survival (27.4 ± 5.3%). The growth and survival (%) of the larvae fed on the single diet with C. simplex were significantly higher than those of the larvae fed on I. galbana or P. lutheri (P < 0.05). The growth and survival (%) of S. broughtonii spats reared for 30 days were also highest in the mixed diet group with 1,114.8 ± 128.0 μm and 61.3 ± 5.5%, respectively, and followed by C. simplex, I. galbana and P. lutheri. With respect to composition of fatty acid of the single or mixed microalgal diet, the content of PUFA and n-3 HUFA were the highest in C. simplex. This result can be considered as the reason for high growth and survival (%) of the larvae and the spats. C. simplex was the best species as the single diet, but the mixed diet with three microalgal species showed better dietary value than single diet did for the larvae and spat of S. broughtonii.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

I. galbana, P. lutheri 및 C. simplex 3종을 먹이로 공급하며, 미세조류 종류에 따른 피조개 유생과 부착치패의 성장과생존율 등을 비교하였다.
서로 다른 미세조류 3종을 단일 또는 혼합하여 먹이로 공급한 피조개 유생의 성장은 혼합 공급구에서 가장 빠르게 나타내었고, 단일 공급구 중에서 C. simplex 공급구에서 가장 높은성장을 보였다. 또 유생의 생존율은 혼합 공급구에서 27.4 ±5.3%로 가장 높게 나타내었고, 단일 공급구 중에서 C.
simplex 공급구에서 14.5 ± 2.3%로 가장 높았다.
I. galbana, P. lutheri, C. simplex 3종을 단일 또는 동일비율로 혼합한 미세조류의 지방산 조성은 EPA의 경우 C.
simplex에서만 25.9 ± 0.64%로 나타났고, 다불포화지방산(PUFA) 과 n–3 HUFA 함량은 C. simplex에서 가장 높게나타났다.
또 이들 미세조류를 먹이로 공급한 피조개 부착치패의 경우C. simplex 공급구에서 포화지방산과 AA 함량이 유의하게높았다. 이와 같은 C. simplex의 지방산 조성이 피조개 유생과 부착치패의 성장과 생존율의 원인으로 판단된다. 따라서 단일종으로는 C. simplex가 가장 적합하나 3종을 혼합하여 공급하는 것이 더 좋은 먹이효율을 유도할 수 있다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 허영백, "참굴 Crassostrea gigas 인공종묘생산 시 유생의 성장과 체성분 변화" 한국양식학회 21 (21): 203-212, 2008

2 Thompson, P.A., "The influence of irradiance on the biochemical composition of three phytoplankton species and their nutritional value for larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)" 117 : 259-268, 1993

3 Wilson, J.H., "The food value of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin to the larvae of Ostrea edulis L. and Crassostrea gigas Thunberg" 13 : 313-323, 1978

4 O'Connor, W.A., "The evaluation of twelve algal species as food for juvenile Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley)" 108 : 277-283, 1992

5 Langdon, C.J., "The effect of algal and artificial diets on the growth and fatty acid composition of Crassostrea gigas" 61 : 431-448, 1981

6 Volkman, J.K., "The biochemical composition of marine microalgae from the class eustigmatophyceae" 29 : 69-78, 1993

7 Pyen, C.K., "Studies on spat collection and rearing of the larvae, Anadara broughtonii (SCHRENCK) in tank" 15 : 7-20, 1976

8 Min, K.S., "Studies on Rearing conditions for mass seedling production in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas" 49 : 91-111, 1995

9 Ballantine, J.A., "Sterols of the phytoplankton-effects of illumination and growth stage" 18 : 1459-1466, 1979

10 Parrish, C.C., "Separation of aquatic lipid classes by Chromarod thin-layer chromatography with measurement by latroscan flame ionization detection" 44 : 722-731, 1987

11 Imai, S., "Seedling production of Scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis and Ark shell, Anadara broughtonii" 16 : 309-316, 1969

12 Loosanoff, V.L., "Rearing of bivalve molluscs" 1 : 1-136, 1963

13 Loosanoff, V.L., "Rate of water pumping and shell movements of oyster in relation to temperature (Abstract)" 108 : 620-, 1950

14 Rezeq, T.A., "Production and nutritional quality of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in relation to different cell densities of marine Chlorella sp" 147 : 257-261, 1987

15 Helm, M.M., "Preliminary observation on the nutritional value of "Tahiti Isochrysis" to bivalve larvae" 62 : 281-288, 1987

16 Web, K.L., "Phytoplankton as a food source for bivalve larvae" World Mariculture Society Special Publication 2 : 272-291, 1983

17 Watanabe, T., "Nutritional values of live organisms used in Japan for mass propagation of fish: a review" 34 : 115-143, 1983

18 Brown, M.R., "Nutritional properties of microalgae for mariculture" 151 : 315-331, 1997

19 Brown, M.R., "Nutritional aspects of microalgae used in mariculture: a literature review" C.S.I.R.O. 44-, 1989

20 Duncan, D.B., "Multiple-range and multiple F tests" 11 : 1-42, 1955

21 De Pauw, N., "Mass culture of microalgae in Aquaculture systems : progress and constraints" 116 : 121-134, 1984

22 Holland, D.L., "Lipid reserves and energy metabolism in the larvae of benthic marine invertebrates, In Biochemical and Biophysical Perspectives in Marine Biology, Vol 4" Academic Press 85-123, 1978

23 Powell, E.N., "Influence of food quality and quantity on the growth and development of Crassostrea gigas larvae a modeling approach" 210 : 89-117, 2002

24 Langton, R.W., "Growth of Crassostrea gigas (Thungberg) spat under different feeding regimes in hatchery" 7 : 225-233, 1976

25 Gallager, S.M., "Growth and survival of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) and Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) relative to brood conditioning and lipid content of eggs" 56 : 105-121, 1986

26 Delaunay, F., "Growth and lipid class composition of Pecten maximus (L) Larvae grown under hatchery conditions" 163 : 209-219, 1992

27 Coultate, T.P., "Food : the chemistry of its components" Letchworth 325-, 1989

28 Iwamoto, H., "Fat synthesis in unicellular algae: Part Ⅱ. Chemical composition of nitrogen deficient Chlorella cells" 19 : 247-252, 1955

29 Cheong, S.C., "Experiments on the early artificial seedling production of ark shell Anadara broughtonii (SCHRENCK)" 28 : 185-197, 1982

30 Helm, M.M., "Experiments in the hatchery rearing of Pacific oyster larvae (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg)" 11 : 1-12, 1977

31 Enright, C.T., "Evaluation of phytoplankton as diets for juvenile Ostrea edulis L" 96 : 1-13, 1986

32 Nell, J.A., "Effects of salinity on the growth and survival of Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea commercialis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae and spat" 68 : 39-44, 1988

33 Castell, J.D., "Effects of purified diets containing different combinations of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid on survival, growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)" 128 : 315-333, 1994

34 Martínez, L.A., "Effects of different feeding regimes on larval growth and the energy budget of juvenile Chilean scallops, Argopecten purpuratus Lamarck" 132 : 313-323, 1995

35 Laing, I., "Effect of food supply on oyster spatfall" 131 : 315-324, 1995

36 Min, B.H., "Dietary value of three microalgal species for seedling production of the Ark shell Scapharca broughtonii" Pukyong National University 2012

37 Hur, Y.B., "Dietary value of microalgae for larvae culture of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas" Pukyong National University 2004

38 Walne, P.R., "Culture of bivalve molluscs" Whitefriars Press Ltd. 173-, 1974

39 Epifanio, C.E., "Comparison of yeast and algal diets for bivalve molluscs" 16 : 187-192, 1979

40 His, E., "Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and starved larvae of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprivincialis and the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas" 100 : 455-463, 1989

41 Marty, Y., "Changes in the fatty acid composition of Pecten maximus (L) during larval development" 163 : 221-234, 1992

42 Lannan, C.J., "Broodstock management of Crassostrea gigas. Ⅲ. Selective breeding for improved larval survival" 21 : 347-351, 1980

43 Lannan, C.J., "Broodstock management of Crassostrea gigas. Ⅰ. Genetic and environmental variation in survival in the larval rearing system" 21 : 323-336, 1980