중세대학에서의 학문의 자유에 대한 일고찰 = A Study on the Academic Freedom of Universities in the Middle Age

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined academic freedom at the university of Oxford through the condemnations on the thought of Wyclif. This is because that the autonomy of the Medieval Universities lied in the independence of the jurisdiction and the suppression of the intellectual freedom was proceeded by the trial. The concept of academic freedom consists of freedom to teach, students' freedom of learning, and freedom of the academic institution to manage its immediate affairs. Although, the notion that academic freedom is absolutely essential to a university was only developed during the nineteenth century in Germany, one must not deny the usefulness of the concept of academic freedom for an analysis of the medieval phenomenon of academic condemnations. For example, the condemnations against Wyclif and Wycliffites showed the intellectual freedom for scholars. Due to the several causes, especially the Great Schism, the intellectual freedom of Oxford university rose gradually by the age of Wyclif. Wyclif was enabled to assert the progressive and even extreme ideas. However, the death of Courtenay became the turning point of the academic freedom. From that time on, there was a dramatic decrease in the academic freedom. Academic freedom was influenced by the political circumstances, such as the balance of power between church and state. The condemnation of Wyclif was one of the dramatic figure which represented the relevant situation.