두 가지 환류, 그리고 내생적 제도변화: 종합부동산세를 중심으로 = Two Feedbacks and Endogenous Institutional Changes: Focus on the Comprehensive Real Estate Holding Tax

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study seeks to explore causes of change of ``institution(s) which intentionally designed in a way that institutional change to be difficult (change-resistant institution).`` And, it attempts to answer a question on how an institution is changed by what causes of change. This research presents two variables, of ``positive feedback (self-reinforcing factors)`` and ``negative feedback (self-restring factors),`` in order to explain the causes of institutional change. Through the case study of the Comprehensive Real Estate Holding Tax (CREHT), this study suggests following findings. Firstly, the positive feedback, which is inherent in the CREHT, and the negative feedback, which is generated by the implementation of it, leads to the institutional change of the CREHT. Secondly, there exist both positive and negative feedback loops simultaneously in the institution of the CREHT; and these feedback loops have driven the institutional change. The negative feedback caused a great relaxation of the tax burdens; however, at the same time, the positive feedback made third institutions (e.g. introduction of local income and consumption taxes, or implementation of local mutual funds) to complement the amounts of reduction of local subsidy taxes resulted from the relaxation of the tax burdens of the CREHT. These results present an alternative and effective tool for explaining endogenous institutional changes, on which the new institutional approach has failed to provide significant explanations. Developing this framework is also able to contribute to theory-building by new institutionalism approach in explaining institutional changes