유령과 유령적 모성: [록사나]에 나타난 외상과 복수 환상을 중심으로 = The Return of the Ghost: Spectral Motherhood and Revenge Fantasy in Roxana

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Using the concepts of Avery F. Gordon’s “ghost” and Marilyn Francus’s “spectral motherhood” as a set of analytical frameworks, this paper examines Daniel Defoe’s Roxana (1724). It also uses Judith Herman’s “revenge fantasy” to effectively conceptualize the trauma of the birthmother and implicitly decipher the psychological presentation of Roxana’s traumatic memories and anxieties. In doing so, this paper reconfigures the traumatization inscribed in Susan’s death and her ghost, Roxana’s maternal absence, and spectral motherhood within the social and historical context of eighteenth-century Britain and its literature. As Gordon asserts, the ghost represents a loss. Roxana’s early traumatic experience of surrendering her children and her loss of birthmotherhood manifest in a revenge fantasy enacted upon Amy, the Landlord, and Susan, which is closely linked to the traumatic memories of maternal loss and unacknowledged grief of the birthmother. This paper reconfigures Susan’s ghost through the lens of Herman’s revenge fantasy; also, by recapitulating Roxana’s maternal absence through Francus’s spectral motherhood, it points at and highlights the site where the unspeakable speaks and the invisible becomes visible.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Bowers, Toni, "Writing British Infanticide: Child-Murder, Gender, and Print, 1722-1859" U of Delaware P 172-195, 2003

2 Herman, Judith, "Trauma and Discovery: The Aftermath Of Violence—From Domestic Abuse To Political Terror" Basic 1997

3 Verrier, Nancy Newton, "The Primal Wound: Understanding the Adopted Child" Gateway 2012

4 Shapiro, Rebecca, "The Literary Mother: Essays on Representations of Maternity and Child Care" McFarland 33-47, 2007

5 Defoe, Daniel, "Roxana" Penguin 1982

6 Francus, Marilyn, "Monstrous Motherhood: 18th-Century Culture and the Ideology of Domesticity" Johns Hopkins UP 2012

7 Gordon, Avery F., "Ghostly Matters: Haunting and the Sociological Imagination" U of Minnesota P 2008

8 Jones, Merry Bloch, "Birthmothers: Women Who Have Relinquished Babies for Adoption Tell Their Stories" iUniverse.com 2000

9 Carlini, Heather, "Birthmother Trauma: A Counseling Guide for Birth Mothers" Morning Side 1992

10 Castle, Terry J., "Amy, Who Knew My Disease: A Psychosexual Pattern in Defoe’s Roxana" 46 (46): 81-96, 1979