大學에서 學生運動의 歷史的 發展過程과 性格考察 = Historical Development and the Characteristics of College Student Political Activism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is two-fold: the first is to examine the historical development of college students political activism from the medieval universities to the present Korean universities. The second is to define the characteristics of activist students.
The medieval universities student movement was characterized as to secure academic autonomy in the university campus and national identity in off-campus life. The student movement of the medieval universities was intended to center on the struggle for governance on university administration over the universities of teaching faculties. In order to secure the right of survival, student union struggled against citizen's group of neighboring area. Student union's control over university governance in cooperation with teaching area. Student union's control over university governance in cooperation with teaching faculties struggled against local government and king but was in competition with the teaching factulties for internal affairs.
Student participation in social and political affairs traced back to german university movement in 19th century. The movement was colored with more social and political characteristics than internal movement against teaching faculties only except the internal activities for means to attract attention from peer student.
Attitude toward the characteristics of student activities is two directions, positive and negative, positive attitude toward student activism represented by Sung Sik Kim Negative attitude represented by Philip G. Altbach. Altbach's described the characteristics of student activism as that the most dramatic aspect relates to student participation in societal politics, including involvement in revolutionary movement but also working in political parties ad sometimes in cultural organizations. Activist leadership has several general characteristics: first, student activists tend to study in the social science and, to some extent, humanities, Sociology and political science are common. Second, activities leaders tend to come from somewhat more affluent families than the general student population. Third, leaders come from families that are very well educated and in which mothers as well as fathers have a fairly high level of education. Fourth, it has been argued by some that the child-rearing and general attitudinal patterns of families of activists are more liberal than the general population and that the configuration of child-rearing, attitudes, and background of the families of activists contributes significantly to their involvement in politics. Fifth activist leaders often come from minority group in the population.
In Korea and Japan, the small christian population has contributed disproportionate number of student leaders. These trends accrued in the western countries after world war Ⅱ, alone with leftist movement.
Psychological motivations of student political activists are social patterns. The patterns are generation revolt, anti-regime attitudes and a commitment to act on their values.
The impact of activism generally tended to be minimal in the industrialied countries while the third world countries that has experienced colonization by the imperial countries were the most dramatics effect of students activism, overthrowing governments.
Political activism in Korea started from national movement as in third world countries during colonial period by Japanese imperialism and toping down the dictatoral regime to ideological movement during 1980s. The ideological movement producted systematic and organizational in nature resulted in violent. These violent pattern did away from public support resulted in failure as was in Yunsei university campus violation by Korean Federation of Student Coalition(KFSC) This violent activism appeared to be limitation of Korean student political activists. However, these student activist patterns are likely to be systematic in method and organization oriented toward political dimension which turned out to be away from public support.
Future student movement in Korea should substituted with citizens' movement such as environment and cultural movement.