국내 주요 총채벌레에 대한 농약 저항성 조사 및 대응체계 고찰 = Investigation of Pesticide Resistance in Major Thrips and Management Strategies in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Thrips are major insect pests that cause significant economic losses in protected cultivation systems and orchards in Korea, and the development of insecticide resistance resulting from repeated use of the same insecticides has emerged as a serious problem. This study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness of insecticide resistance and their pest control practices, and to investigate the nationwide status of insecticide resistance in three major thrips species in Korea(Frankliniella occidentalis​, Scirtothrips dorsalis​, and Thrips palmi) in order to propose effective resistance management strategies.
To evaluate farmers’ awareness of insecticide resistance, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 969 farmers nationwide. Although 85.7% of respondents reported being aware of the concept of insecticide resistance, it was confirmed that resistance-promoting practices, such as the consecutive use of insecticides with the same mode of action, were commonly implemented in actual pest control programs. Insecticide resistance in thrips populations was investigated over a three-year period starting in 2022 across 32 cities and counties in five regions of Korea (Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Yeongnam, Chungcheong, Honam, and Jeju). F. occidentalis was collected from 15 cities and counties in pepper-growing areas, S. dorsalis from six cities and counties in mango-growing areas, and T. palmi from 11 cities and counties in cucumber-growing areas. A total of 27 active ingredients belonging to 10 insecticide classes were tested using the IRAC standard leaf-dip bioassay. Resistance levels were evaluated based on corrected mortality and resistance index (RI) values.
The results of the resistance assays were generally consistent with the pest control practices identified in the farmer survey. F. occidentalis exhibited high levels of resistance nationwide to most insecticides frequently used by farmers, including pyrethroids (IRAC Group 3A), neonicotinoids (4A), diamides (28), and benzoylureas (15). In contrast, intermediate resistance levels were observed for certain spinosyns (5) and avermectins (6), while relatively low resistance was detected for the more recently registered isoxazolines (30) and flumetoquin (34). S. dorsalis showed high resistance to pyrethroids (3A) and neonicotinoids (4A), but remained susceptible to spinosyns (5) and emamectin benzoate (6). T. palmi exhibited high resistance to some pyrethroid (3A) and neonicotinoid (4A) insecticides; however, susceptibility was maintained to several other insecticides, including sulfoxaflor (4C), spinosyns (5), emamectin benzoate (6), chlorfenapyr (13), diamides (28), isoxazolines (30), and flumetoquin (34).
For effective resistance management in the future, it is essential to implement rotation programs based on insecticide mode of action, strategically utilize insecticides to which susceptibility is maintained, establish integrated pest management (IPM) systems incorporating biological control, develop region-specific pest control strategies, and strengthen education programs on resistance management for farmers.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 2. 재료 및 방법 7
• 2.1. 농약 저항성 인지도 조사 7
• 2.1.1 설문조사 설계 7
• 2.1.2 설문조사 자료 분석 7
• 2.2. 시설재배지 총채벌레애 대한 농약저항성 조사 9
• 2.2.1. 조사 해충 및 채집 지역 9
• 2.2.2. 시험 약제 선정 9
• 2.2.3. 시험약제의 활성 검정 및 보정사충률의 산출 12
• 2.2.4. 시험약제의 저항성 지수 산출 12
• 2.2.5. 저항성 판정기준 설정 13
• 2.2.6. 저항성 판정기준의 타당성 및 활용 15
• 3. 결과 16
• 3.1. 농약 저항성 인지도 조사 16
• 3.1.1 응답자들의 주요 재배작물 16
• 3.1.2 응답자 연령 및 경력 17
• 3.1.3 농약 구매 및 선택 기준 18
• 3.1.4 농약 저항성 관련 경험 20
• 3.1.5 농약 저항성 인지도 24
• 3.1.6 농약 저항성 관련 교육 현황 및 요구도 26
• 3.1.7 농약 저항성 인지도 조사 결과분석 29
• 3.2. 주요 총채벌레의 계통별 농약저항성 조사결과 31
• 3.2.1. 피레스로이드계 살충제(3a) 31
• 3.2.2. 네오니코티노이드계 및 설폭사민계 살충제(4a, 4c) 34
• 3.2.3. 스피노신계 살충제(5) 39
• 3.2.4. 아버멕틴계 살충제(6) 42
• 3.2.5. 아릴피롤계 살충제(13) 47
• 3.2.6. 벤조일유레아계 살충제(15) 50
• 3.2.7. 디아마이드계 살충제(28) 53
• 3.2.8. 플로니카미드계 살충제(29) 56
• 3.2.9. 아이소옥사졸린계 살충제(30) 59
• 3.2.10. 플루메토퀸계 살충제(34) 63
• 3.2.11. 주요 총채벌레의 계통별 농약 저항성 조사결과 분석 65
• 3.3. 권역별 주요 총채벌레의 저항성 수준 분석 67
• 3.3.1. 권역별 종합 저항성 조사 67
• 3.3.2. 권역별 저항성 발달 요인 분석 70
• 4. 고찰 및 제언 79
• 5. 참고문헌 82