생태체계이론에 기반한 재난피해자들의 외상 후 스트레스 장애 관련변인 메타분석 = A Meta Analysis Study of Predictors of Disaster Victims’post-traumatic Stress Response Based on Ecological Model

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The objective of this study is to classify relevant factors of disaster victims’ posttraumatic stress response systematically using an ecological model, and to analyze their effect sizes comprehensively. To this end, this study is a meta-analysis of 87 studies published in Korea and other countries between 2005 and 2015 on a topic of disaster victims’ posttraumatic stress response. First of all, factors associated with posttraumatic stress responses were derived and classified into sublevels of an ecological model: individualsystem, microsystem, and exosystem. Then, in order to investigate what predictors are more strongly related with the posttraumatic stress responses. The results are summarized as follows. In result, according to results on effect sizes by factor separately for different types of disaster, posttraumatic stress responses for natural disasters were best related with the ‘functions within family’and posttraumatic stress responses for man-made disaster were better related with ‘psychological distance’ of ‘exposure level’and ‘emotional response’ of ‘individual psychological characteristics’. At last, according to results on how effect sizes of factor groups vary according to time lapse since disaster and national economic power in each disaster type, we could find whether moderating effect was significant in the relationship between factor and posttraumatic stress responses or not. By determining indicators to focus on in disaster psychological support process, at a clinical level, this study assisted with planning of interventions for disaster victims’ psychological recovery. At a policy level, this study provided basic materials for national-level disaster psychological support measures by considering factors retained by those who are vulnerable to mental health problems after disaster. This study is expected to contribute to establishing effective support measures and policies for assisting with recovery of disaster victims.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 재난피해자들의 외상 후 스트레스 장애(이하 PTSD)에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 생태모델을 사용하여 체계적으로 분류하고 그 효과크기를 종합적으로 분석하기 위해 2005년부터 2015년까지 국내외에서 발간된 학술지논문 87편에 대해 메타분석을 실시하였다(N=961). 변인군 별로 PTSD에 대한 효과크기를 비교한 결과, 자연재해의 경우 통계적으로 유의한 효과크기를 보인 변인군 중 상위 세 번째는 ‘가족 내 특성, 가족 및 사회적 관계 관련 스트레스 원, 이차 스트레스 원’ 순으로 나타났다. 변인 별 분석 결과, 자연재해의 경우, ‘가족 내 특성’ 중 ‘기능적 측면’이 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 인재에 있어서 변인군 별로 효과크기를 비교한 결과, ‘노출, 가족 및 사회적 관계 관련 스트레스 원, 이차 스트레스 원’ 순으로 나타났으며, 변인 별 분석 결과, ‘노출’ 중 ‘심리적 거리’, ‘개인 심리특성’ 중 ‘정서반응’이 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 마지막으로 자연재해와 인재에 있어서 각 변인 별로 재난 경과기간과 국가 경제력을 조절변인으로 한 메타회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 조절효과가 유의했던 관련변인이 무엇인지 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 재난 심리지원 과정에서 우선적으로 주목해야 할 지표들을 밝힘으로서 임상적으로는 재난피해자들의 심리적 회복을 돕는 개입을 계획하도록 돕고, 정책적으로는 재난 후 정신건강 문제에 보다 취약한 이들이 가진 요소들을 고려하여 국가 차원에서 재난심리지원 방안을 마련하기 위한 근거자료로 제공될 수 있을 것이다.

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