The engine of reason, the seat of the soul : a philosophical journey into the brain

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xi
• Ⅰ The Little Computer that Could : The Biological Brain = 1
• 1 Introduction = 3
• The Newly Transparent Brain = 3
• How the Brain Represents the World : General Features = 5
• How the Brain Represents the World : Fleeting Features = 6
• Brains versus TV Screens = 7
• Computation in the Brain : Pattern Transformation = 8
• The Cunning of Reason : Parallel Distributed Processing = 11
• Speed and Power = 11
• Functional Persistence = 13
• Toward More Lifelike Cognitive Capacities = 15
• Theory and Experiment : Historical Parallels = 16
• Reworking the Mirror of Our Self Conception = 18
• The Aim of This Book = 19
• 2 Sensory Representation : The Incredible Power of Vector Coding = 21
• Taste Coding = 21
• Color Coding = 24
• Smell Coding = 26
• Face Coding = 27
• 3 Vector Processing : How It Works and Why It Is Essential = 35
• Where and How Are Faces Coded? = 35
• Simple Pattern Recognition = 36
• Face Recognition = 38
• Network Leaming : Repeated Synaptic Adjustment = 42
• Performance in the Trained Network = 45
• Internal Coding and Distributed Representations = 46
• The Emergence of Categories = 49
• Inductive Inference, Network Style = 53
• 4 Artificial Neural Networks : Imitating Parts of the Brain = 57
• Entering the Third Dimension : Stereoscopic Vision = 57
• The Neuroanatomy of Stereoscopic Vision = 58
• How Stereoscopic Vision Works = 62
• Expanding One's Visual Grip on the World = 67
• Fusion.net : A Network with Stereo Vision = 71
• Submarine Intrigue : A Network for Sonar Perception = 79
• NETtalk : A Network that Reads Aloud = 84
• Vector Coding at the Output End : Sensorimotor Coordination = 91
• 5 Recurrent Networks : The Conquest of Time = 97
• The Temporal Dimension of Behavior = 97
• Recognizing Causal Processes = 104
• Ambiguous Figures and Recurrent Modulation = 107
• Recognition, Theoretical Understanding, and Scientific Progress = 114
• 6 The Neural Representation of the Social World = 123
• Social Space = 123
• EMPATH : A Network for Recognizing Human Emotions = 125
• Social Features and Prototypical Sequences = 127
• Are There "Social Areas" in the Brain? = 128
• The Human Capacity for Language = 132
• Recurrent Networks for Grammatical Discrimination = 137
• Moral Perception and Moral Understanding = 143
• 7 The Brain in Trouble : Cognitive Dysfunction and Mental Illness = 151
• Diagnostic Techniques : The Literally Transparent Brain = 151
• CAT Scans = 152
• PET Scans = 152
• MRI Scans = 154
• Apraxia and Motor Dysfunction = 158
• Perceptual and Cognitive Dysfunction = 163
• Mood Disorders and Emotional Dysfunction = 174
• Social Dysfunction = 177
• Therapies : Talk versus Chemical and Surgical Intervention = 181
• Ⅱ Exploring the Consequences : Philosophical, Scientific, Social, and Personal = 185
• 8 The Puzzle of Consciousness = 187
• Some Cautionary Parallels = 187
• Is Consciousness a Brain Process? Leibniz's View = 191
• The Elusive Contents of the First-Person Perspective : Nagel's Bat = 195
• Sensory Oualities Once More : Jackson's Neuroscientist = 200
• Mentality Without Reduction : Searle's Hybrid Position = 203
• The Contents and Character of Consciousness : Some First Steps = 208
• Reconstructing Consciousness in Neurocomputational Terms = 215
• 9 Could an Electronic Machine Be Conscious? = 227
• The Turing Test and a Bit of Fun = 227
• The Defects of the Turing Test and the Need for Real Theory = 234
• Building an Artificial Brain = 236
• Some Principled Objections to Machine Intelligence = 244
• 10 Language, Science, Politics, and Art = 253
• Intelligence Differences : Between Individuals, and Between Species = 253
• Is Language Unique to Humans? = 257
• Dennett's Language-Centered Theory of Consciousness : A Critique = 264
• The Role of Language in Thought and Consciousness = 269
• Theoretical Science, Creativity, and Reaching Behind the Appearances = 271
• Cognitive Progress in the Moral and Political Domain = 286
• Neural Representation and the Many Forms of Art = 294
• 11 Neurotechnology and Human Life = 299
• Medical Issues : Psychiatric and Neurological Medicine = 299
• Medical Issues : Neural Networks for Diagnosis and Treatment = 302
• Legal Issues : The Birth and Death of the Self = 305
• Legal Issues : Sociopathology and Corrective Policy = 309
• Turbocharged Science : Using Neural Networks for Research = 314
• The Impact on Our Self Conception = 319
• Selected Bibliography = 325
• Index = 327