고고학적 측면에서 본 한민족의 정체성 = A Study of the Korean Identity in the Archaeological Viewpoint

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The concept of a certain nation is in the viewpoint of identity not only based on the regional space but also distinguished from other peoples. In this sense, The Korean identity must be begun at the time of occupation of people in the land of Korea. In this article, I try to get the understanding what the Korean identity is in the archaeological aspects and how this identity have been formed in the Korean history. First, although Asheulian handaxes are uncovered in the chinese continent, the genesis of archaeological materials regarding the identity of Korean ethnicity is possibly related with Asheulian style handaxe made by Homo erectus. That`s because of the fact that Asheulian style handaxes were frequently excavated in the midwest of Korean peninsula more then any other conturies of East Asia. Second, Chulmun pottery with comb-pit decoration was sign of Korean Identity in the neolithic Age. Chulmun potteries were discovered in the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria. The shape of Chumun potteries were flat in Northern Korean Peninsula and Manchuria and round in west and south of Korean peninsula. Third, the archaeological materials such as Mumu pottery, dolmen, and Pipa type sword are recognizable for the Korean identity in the bronze age. In East Asia, Mumun potteries are uncover in the Korean peninsula, dolmens are distributed throughout the Korean peninsula, Manchuria, and North Kyushu. Pipa type swards are also discovered in Korean occupation areas like north east China and Korean peninsula. Fourth, the remains such as narrow type swords, bronze bells, bronze mirrors, Chumtodae pottery, etc, were able to recognize as a sign of Korean identity in the early iron age. Narrow type swords, so called Sehyung sword, were uncovered in the Korean peninsula and east Manchuria. Chumtodae pottery with round clay stripe was also uncovered in the Korean peninsula and Manchuria. Chumtodae pottery culture is related with black Pottery with Long-necked Jar and bronze and iron artefacts. Fifth, archaeological material aspects of three kingdoms period are more diverse for categorizing Korean identity. In Koguryo and Baekche kingdoms, lots of stone-filed tombs were built for mortuary practices of royal family and upper elite. However, the stone compiled wooden chamber tombs were used for burial system in the Silla Kingdom. Three kingdoms were also practiced building fortresses for defence and administration of country. In summarizing this article, it is sure that the time goes on, Korean ethnic group have lived in Korean peninsula and Manchuria for long time. Because the occupational areas of Korean were either increased or decreased, the Korean identity in the archaeological aspects is appeared at diverse features. As a result, Korean Identity of archaeology is distinguished with those of China and Japan.