기후변화와 건강영향 = Climate change and human health

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Climactic changes, especially global warming, are potentially the largest global threat to human health and the source of the greatest number of cases of disease. If current emissions and land use trends continue unchecked, future generations will face more serious conditions,including injury, disease, and death related to natural disasters and heat waves, higher rates of climate-related infections, widespread malnutrition, and more allergy and air pollutionrelated morbidity and mortality. This review highlights the relationship between global climate changes and human health and provides some suggestions for improvement. According to the Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published in 2007, global warming is caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The most important GHG is carbon dioxide (CO_2), which is released by the burning of fossil fuels and, to a lesser extent, by land use practices, followed by nitrous oxide and methane. IPCC predicts that global temperatures will rise 1.8℃-4.0℃ by 2099. According to the report, we can expect a significant rise in sea levels, massive species extinctions, changes in storm and drought cycles, altered ocean circulation, and redistribution of vegetation after crossing the “tipping point” of global warming. Human health will be adversely affected by the accelerating climate change. This review stimulates health care providers to provide quality care to susceptible individuals confronting new threats from climactic changes, as well as to work toward a mitigation of the drivers of climate change at the individual, community, and policy levels as part of a long-term commitment to protecting public health.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Epstein PR, "West Nile virus and the climate" 78 : 367-371, 2001

2 Glass GE, "Using remotely sensed data to identify areas at risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" 6 : 238-247, 2000

3 Gleick PH, "The world’s water: 1998-1999" Island Press 307-, 1998

4 Curriero FC, "The association between extreme precipitation and waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States, 1948-1994" 91 : 1194-1199, 2001

5 Jang JY, "Symposium for the climate change and health in Asia" 2007

6 Fitter AH, "Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants" 296 : 1689-1691, 2002

7 Garcia-Mozo H, "Quercus pollen season dynamics in the Iberian peninsula: response to meteorological parameters and possible consequences of climate change" 13 : 209-224, 2006

8 Tanser FC, "Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa" 362 : 1792-1798, 2003

9 Whitman S, "Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave" 87 : 1515-1518, 1997

10 Greenwood B, "Malaria in 2002" 415 : 670-672, 2002

11 Brook RD, "Is air pollution a cause of cardiovascular disease? Updated review and controversies" 22 : 115-137, 2007

12 Lindgren E, "Impact of climatic change on the northern latitude limit and population density of the disease-transmitting European tick Ixodes ricinus" 108 : 119-123, 2000

13 Confalonieri U, "Human health, In Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" Cambridge University Press 391-431, 2007

14 McMichael M, "Human health, In Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes" Cambridge University Press 451-485, 2001

15 Department of Health, "Health effects of climate change in the UK: report of the Expert Advisory Group on Climate Change and Health, 2002" Department of Health 2002

16 Salvi S, "Health effects of ambient air pollution in children" 8 : 275-280, 2007

17 Bernstein JA, "Health effects of air pollution. J Allergy Clin Immunol" 114 : 1116-1123, 2004

18 Randolph SE, "Fragile transmission cycles of tickborne encephalitis virus may be disrupted by predicted climate change" 267 : 1741-1744, 2000

19 Ziska LH, "Evaluation of the growth response of six invasive species to past, present and future atmospheric carbon dioxide" 54 : 395-404, 2003

20 Trevejo RT, "Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage-Nicaragua, 1995" 178 : 1457-1463, 1998

21 Kovats RS, "El Nino and health" 362 : 1481-1489, 2003

22 Stafoggia M, "Does temperature modify the association between air pollution and mortality? A multicity case-crossover analysis in Italy" 167 : 1476-1485, 2008

23 Patz JA, "Dengue fever epidemic potential as projected by general circulation models of global climate change" 106 : 147-153, 1998

24 Hegerl GC, "Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of the working group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" Cambridge University Press 663-745, 2007

25 McConnell R, "Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: a cohort study" 359 : 386-391, 2002