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      KCI등재 SCIE SCOPUS

      Efficient Production of Various Minor Ginsenosides from PPD- and PPT-type Major Ginsenosides Using a Single Recombinant BglFc Isolated from Flavobacterium chilense

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A107396149

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      Background: Rare ginsenosides (F2, Rg3, Gyp- XVII, and C-K) are pharmaceutically active components of Panax ginseng, which are derived from the conversion of major ginsenosides through various transformation methods.
      To date, most studies have failed to identify a competent bacterial strain and recombinant enzyme for converting protopanaxadiol (PPD)- and protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides to target minor ginsenosides. Method: Our study identified and employed nine sets of clones from different glycoside hydrolase bacterial strains for major ginsenoside bioconversion. Among these nine clones, only BglFc was selected based on its strong biotransformation ability and capacity to generate complete minor ginsenosides.
      bglFc was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli using the pGEX-4T-1 vector system, and the recombinant enzyme was used for efficiently producing minor ginsenosides.
      Results: Recombinant BglFc is 2,394 bp and 798 amino acid residues long, with a predicted molecular mass of 78.8 kDa. BglFc belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 3, and demonstrates a promising ability to convert major ginsenosides into minor ones. The Km and Vmax values of pNPG were 0.81 ± 0.06 and 4.0 ± 0.2 mM·min-1·mg-1 of protein, respectively. Under optimal conditions (37°C, pH 7.0), the ginsenoside transformation pathways for BglFc were as follows: Rb1→Rd→Rg3(S)→Rh2(S); GypXVII →GypLXXV→C-K; GypLXXV→C-K; F2→C-K; Rb2 →C-O→C-Y; Rb3→C-Mx1→C-Mx; Rc→C-Mc1→CMc; Re→Rg2(S); and Rg1→Rh1(S), respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that recombinant BglFc demonstrates a strong transformation activity for both PPD- and PPTtype major ginsenosides. Therefore, we conclude that BglFc can be used for gram unit production of various minor ginsenosides. Significance and Impact of Study: Previously, researchers have used a combination of enzymes for the production of minor ginsenosides. However, in this study, we found a favorable enzyme that can be used alone for the production of a different type of minor ginsenoside using the proposed conversion pathway.
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      Background: Rare ginsenosides (F2, Rg3, Gyp- XVII, and C-K) are pharmaceutically active components of Panax ginseng, which are derived from the conversion of major ginsenosides through various transformation methods. To date, most studies have failed ...

      Background: Rare ginsenosides (F2, Rg3, Gyp- XVII, and C-K) are pharmaceutically active components of Panax ginseng, which are derived from the conversion of major ginsenosides through various transformation methods.
      To date, most studies have failed to identify a competent bacterial strain and recombinant enzyme for converting protopanaxadiol (PPD)- and protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides to target minor ginsenosides. Method: Our study identified and employed nine sets of clones from different glycoside hydrolase bacterial strains for major ginsenoside bioconversion. Among these nine clones, only BglFc was selected based on its strong biotransformation ability and capacity to generate complete minor ginsenosides.
      bglFc was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli using the pGEX-4T-1 vector system, and the recombinant enzyme was used for efficiently producing minor ginsenosides.
      Results: Recombinant BglFc is 2,394 bp and 798 amino acid residues long, with a predicted molecular mass of 78.8 kDa. BglFc belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 3, and demonstrates a promising ability to convert major ginsenosides into minor ones. The Km and Vmax values of pNPG were 0.81 ± 0.06 and 4.0 ± 0.2 mM·min-1·mg-1 of protein, respectively. Under optimal conditions (37°C, pH 7.0), the ginsenoside transformation pathways for BglFc were as follows: Rb1→Rd→Rg3(S)→Rh2(S); GypXVII →GypLXXV→C-K; GypLXXV→C-K; F2→C-K; Rb2 →C-O→C-Y; Rb3→C-Mx1→C-Mx; Rc→C-Mc1→CMc; Re→Rg2(S); and Rg1→Rh1(S), respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that recombinant BglFc demonstrates a strong transformation activity for both PPD- and PPTtype major ginsenosides. Therefore, we conclude that BglFc can be used for gram unit production of various minor ginsenosides. Significance and Impact of Study: Previously, researchers have used a combination of enzymes for the production of minor ginsenosides. However, in this study, we found a favorable enzyme that can be used alone for the production of a different type of minor ginsenoside using the proposed conversion pathway.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 배은아, "Transformation of Ginseng Saponins to Ginsenoside Rh2 by Acids and Human Intestinal Bacteria and Biological Activities of Their Transformants" 대한약학회 27 (27): 61-67, 2004

      2 Saitou, N, "The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees" 4 : 406-425, 1987

      3 Thompson, J. D, "The CLUSTAL_X windows interface:flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools" 25 : 4876-4882, 1997

      4 Kim, J. E, "Suppressive effects of rare ginsenosides, Rk1 and Rg5, on HMGB1-mediated septic responses" 124 : 45-53, 2019

      5 Lee, W, "Suppressive activities of KC1-3 on HMGB1-mediated septic responses" 163 : 260-268, 2019

      6 Wonhwa Lee, "Pulmonary Protective Functions of Rare Ginsenoside Rg4 on Particulate Matter-induced Inflammatory Responses" 한국생물공학회 24 (24): 445-453, 2019

      7 Yoo, M. H, "Production of aglycon protopanaxadiol via compound K by a thermostable β-glycosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus" 89 : 1019-1028, 2011

      8 Park Yeong-Ju, "Optimal bioconversion for compound K production from red ginseng root (C.A. Mayer) by sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and its characteristics" 한국응용생명화학회 64 (64): e0145876-, 2021

      9 Sengupta, S, "Modulating angiogenesis: the yin and the yang in ginseng" 110 : 1219-1225, 2004

      10 Tamura, K, "MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods" 28 : 2731-2739, 2011

      1 배은아, "Transformation of Ginseng Saponins to Ginsenoside Rh2 by Acids and Human Intestinal Bacteria and Biological Activities of Their Transformants" 대한약학회 27 (27): 61-67, 2004

      2 Saitou, N, "The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees" 4 : 406-425, 1987

      3 Thompson, J. D, "The CLUSTAL_X windows interface:flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools" 25 : 4876-4882, 1997

      4 Kim, J. E, "Suppressive effects of rare ginsenosides, Rk1 and Rg5, on HMGB1-mediated septic responses" 124 : 45-53, 2019

      5 Lee, W, "Suppressive activities of KC1-3 on HMGB1-mediated septic responses" 163 : 260-268, 2019

      6 Wonhwa Lee, "Pulmonary Protective Functions of Rare Ginsenoside Rg4 on Particulate Matter-induced Inflammatory Responses" 한국생물공학회 24 (24): 445-453, 2019

      7 Yoo, M. H, "Production of aglycon protopanaxadiol via compound K by a thermostable β-glycosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus" 89 : 1019-1028, 2011

      8 Park Yeong-Ju, "Optimal bioconversion for compound K production from red ginseng root (C.A. Mayer) by sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and its characteristics" 한국응용생명화학회 64 (64): e0145876-, 2021

      9 Sengupta, S, "Modulating angiogenesis: the yin and the yang in ginseng" 110 : 1219-1225, 2004

      10 Tamura, K, "MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods" 28 : 2731-2739, 2011

      11 Lee, W, "Inhibitory effects of black ginseng on particulate matterinduced pulmonary injury" 47 : 1237-1251, 2019

      12 Siddiqi, M. Z, "Identification of novel glycoside hydrolases via whole genome sequencing of Niabella ginsenosidivorans for production of various minor ginsenosides" 9 : 258-, 2019

      13 An, D. S, "Identification and characterization of a novel Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. β-glucosidase that transforms ginsenoside Rb1 into the rare gypenosides XVII and LXXV" 76 : 5827-5836, 2010

      14 Du, J, "Identification and characterization of a ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase from Pseudonocardia sp. Gsoil 1536 and its application for enhanced production of minor ginsenoside Rg2(S)" 9 : e96914-, 2014

      15 Noh, K. H, "Ginsenoside compound K production from ginseng root extract by a thermostable β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus" 73 : 316-321, 2009

      16 원해단, "Ginseng and Diabetes: The Evidences from In Vitro, Animal and Human Studies" 고려인삼학회 36 (36): 27-39, 2012

      17 Kämpfer, P, "Flavobacterium chilense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium araucananum sp. nov., isolated from farmed salmonid fish" 62 : 1402-1408, 2012

      18 Siddiqi, M. Z, "Exploration and characterization of novel glycoside hydrolases from the whole genome of Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans and enriched production of minor ginsenoside Rg3 (S) by a recombinant enzymatic process" 10 : 288-, 2020

      19 Quan, L. H, "Enzymatic biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K by recombinant β-glucosidase from Microbacterium esteraromaticum" 60 : 3776-3781, 2012

      20 Quan, L. H, "Enzymatic biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to 20(S)-Rg3 by recombinant β-glucosidase from Microbacterium esteraromaticum" 94 : 377-384, 2012

      21 Hao Hong, "Enzymatic Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Gypenoside XVII into Ginsenosides Rd and F2 by Recombinant β-glucosidase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae" 고려인삼학회 36 (36): 418-424, 2012

      22 Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi, "Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract Enriched in Ginsenoside Rg3 on the Differentiation and Mineralization of Preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells" 한국식품영양과학회 18 (18): 542-548, 2015

      23 Tawab, M. A, "Degradation of ginsenosides in humans after oral administration" 31 : 1065-1071, 2003

      24 Felsenstein, J, "Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap" 39 : 783-791, 1985

      25 Siddiqi, M. Z, "Complete genome sequencing of Arachidicoccus ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., and its application for production of minor ginsenosides by finding a novel ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase" 7 : 46745-46759, 2017

      26 Harvey, A. J, "Comparative modeling of the three-dimensional structures of family 3 glycoside hydrolases" 41 : 257-269, 2000

      27 Siddiqi, M. Z, "Comparative analysis of the expression level of recombinant ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase in GRAS hosts and mass production of the ginsenoside Rh2-Mix" 12 : e0176098-, 2017

      28 Cui, C. H, "Characterization of the ginsenoside-transforming recombinant βglucosidase from Actinosynnema mirum and bioconversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides" 97 : 649-659, 2013

      29 Yun, T. K, "Cancer chemopreventive compounds of red ginseng produced from Panax ginseng C.A" 25 : 107-111, 2001

      30 Lin-Hu Quan, "Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb_1 to Prosapogenins, Gypenoside XVII, Ginsenoside Rd, Ginsenoside F_2, and Compound K by Leuconostoc mesenteroides DC102" 고려인삼학회 35 (35): 344-351, 2011

      31 Wang, L, "Bioconversion of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by novel β-glucosidase hydrolyzing outer 3-O glycoside from Sphingomonas sp. 2F2:cloning, expression, and enzyme characterization" 156 : 125-133, 2012

      32 Hall, T. A, "BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT" 41 : 95-98, 1999

      33 Ji Yon Shin, "Anti-Cancer Effect of Ginsenoside F2 against Glioblastoma Multiforme in Xenograft Model in SD Rats" 고려인삼학회 36 (36): 86-92, 2012

      34 Bradford, M. M, "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding" 72 : 248-254, 1976

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      2020-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (해외등재 학술지 평가) KCI등재
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