유아의 인종적 신체 특징 인식, 외모와 언어 단서에 따른내집단 범주화 및 선호도

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of racial features, racial in-group classification and preference by Korean children. The study participants comprised 89 children aged 3-5 years. The children performed photograph description and choice tasks. The major findings were as follows: First, older children were significantly more likely than younger children to use racial feature and less likely to use general physical feature to describe the stimuli. Second, children tended to select the South-Asian person speaking in Korean language as a Korean, rather than the Korean person speaking in English. Third, children tended to select the person of Korean appearance speaking in English as a playmate. The result revealed the developmental features of racial awareness. Furthermore the correspondence of language plays an important role on the children`s in-group classification whereas the correspondence of appearance plays an important role on the children`s preference.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이문정, "유아의 인종에 대한 인식" 한국생태유아교육학회 8 (8): 175-190, 2009

2 윤정진, "다문화가정의 유아와 생활하는 유아교사들의 이야기" 동북아시아문화학회 1 (1): 353-370, 2010

3 서현, "농촌지역의 병설유치원 다문화 가정 유아의 생활과 교사의 가르침-다문화 가정 유아가 다수 취원한 유치원 중심으로-" 한국유아교육학회 30 (30): 195-221, 2010

4 서현, "농촌지역의 국제결혼 가정 자녀가 경험하는어려움에 관한 연구" 한국열린유아교육학회 12 (12): 25-47, 2007

5 Lam, V., "Young children's racial awareness and affect and their perceptions about mother's racial affect in a multiracial context" 29 : 841-864, 2011

6 Ramsey, P. G., "Young children's awareness and understanding of social class differences" 152 : 71-82, 1991

7 Sera, M. D., "When language affects cognition and when it does not : An analysis of grammatical gender and classi-fication" 131 (131): 377-397, 2002

8 Hirschfeld, L. A., "What young children think about the relationship between language variation and social difference" 12 : 213-238, 1997

9 Allport, G. W., "The nature of prejudice" Doubleday & Anchor Books 1958

10 Kinzler, K. D., "The native language of social cognition" 104 : 12577-12580, 2007

11 Aboud, F. E., "The formation of in-group favoritism and out-group prejudice in young children: Are they distinct attitudes?" 39 : 48-60, 2003

12 Lee, J. H., "The effects of multicultural education using project approaches on the decrease of children’s prejudice on races" Seoul National University of Education, Seoul, Korea 1999

13 Semaj, L. T., "The development of racial classification abilities" 50 : 41-47, 1981

14 Clark, K. B., "The development of consciousness of self and the emergence of racial identity in Negro preschool children" 19 (19): 591-599, 1939

15 Jahoda, G., "The development of children's ideas about country and nationality" 33 (33): 47-60, 1963

16 Enesco, I., "Stereotypes and beliefs about different ethnic groups in Spain: A study with Spanish and latin American children living in Madrid" 26 (26): 638-659, 2005

17 Shutts, K., "Social information guides infants’ selection of foods" 10 (10): 1-17, 2009

18 Turner, J. C., "Social identity and intergroup relations" Cambridge University Press 28-32, 1982

19 Billig, M., "Social categorization and similarity in intergroup behaviour" 3 (3): 27-51, 1972

20 Ramsey, P. G., "Salience of race in young children’s cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to social environments" 11 : 49-67, 1990

21 Sangrigoli, S., "Recognition of own-race and other-race faces by tree-month-old infants" 45 (45): 1219-1227, 2004

22 Guerrero, S., "Racial awareness, affect and sorting abilities : A study with preschool children" 27 (27): 639-646, 2011

23 Chang, Y. H., "Racial awareness in young children" 19 (19): 95-110, 1999

24 Hirschfeld, L. A., "Race in the making : cognition, culture, and the child’s construction of human kinds" MIT Press 1998

25 Taylor, P. C., "Race : A philosophical introduction(1st)" Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2004

26 Kinzler, K. D., "Priorities in social categories" 40 : 581-592, 2010

27 Mullen, B., "Perceptions of ingroup and outgroup variability : A meta-analytic integration" 19 (19): 233-252, 1989

28 Park, B., "Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization : Memory for the subordinate attributes of in-group and out-group members" 42 : 1051-1068, 1982

29 DeCasper, A. J., "Of human bonding : New borns prefer their mothers' voices" 208 : 1174-1176, 1980

30 Bartsch, R. A., "Majority-minority status and perceived ingroup variability revisited" 23 : 471-485, 1993

31 Loveman, M., "Is “Race” essential?" 64 (64): 891-898, 1999

32 Enesco, I., "Intergroup attitudes and relations in childhood through adulthood" Oxford University Press 105-125, 2008

33 Campanella, S., "Integrating face and voice in person perception" 11 (11): 535-543, 2007

34 Kim, B. J., "Immigrant workers and Korean Society" Seoul National University Press 2011

35 McGlothlin, H., "How social experience is related to children’s intergroup attitudes" 40 : 625-634, 2010

36 Seol, D. H., "Foreign workers in Korean society" Seoul National University Press 1999

37 Zajonc, R. B., "Felling and thinking : Preferences need no inferences" 35 (35): 151-175, 1980

38 Tropp, L. R., "Evaluations and perceptions of self, ingroup, and outgroup : comparisons between Mexican-American and European-American children" 2 : 203-221, 2003

39 Cho, Y. J., "Eolgul, hankukineu nat" Sakejul Press 1999

40 Guerrero, S., "El desarollo de la toma de conciencia racial: Un estudio evolutivo con niños españoles de 3 a 5 años" Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 2006

41 Shin, H. K., "Effect of inquiry-centered multicultural education activities on racial prejudice and prosocial behavior of young children" Chung- ang University, Seoul, Korea 2007

42 Kinzler, K. D., "Do infants show social preferences for people differing in race?" 119 : 1-9, 2011

43 Hirschfeld, L. A., "Do children have a theory of race?" 54 : 209-252, 1995

44 Signorella, M. L., "Developmental differences in children’s gender schemata about others : A meta-analytic review" 13 : 137-183, 1993

45 Bar-Tal, D., "Development of social categories and stereotypes in early childhood: The case of “the Arab” concept" 20 (20): 341-370, 1996

46 Rotheram, M. J., "Children’s ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development" Sage Publications, Inc 19-31, 1987

47 Heller, M., "Children’s ethnic socialization" Sage Publication Ltd 180-200, 1987

48 Kinzler, K. D., "Children’s essentialist reasoning about language and race" 15 (15): 131-138, 2012

49 Lambert, W. E., "Children's views of foreign peoples : A cross-national study" Appleton Century Crofts 1967

50 Cameron, J. A., "Children's lay theories about ingroups and outgroups : Reconcep-tualizing research on prejudice" 5 (5): 118-128, 2001

51 Chen, E. E., "Children are sociologists" 27 (27): 625-630, 2011

52 Markman, E. M., "Categorization and naming in children : Problems of induction" The MIT Press 1989

53 Kurzban, R., "Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization" 98 : 15387-15392, 2001

54 Aboud, F. E., "Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes" Blackwell Publishers Ltd 65-88, 2003

55 Porter, J. D. R., "Black child, White child : The development of racial attitudes" Harvard University Press 1971

56 Stangor, C., "Advances in experimental social psychology, 26" Academic Press 357-416, 1994

57 Kinzler, K. D., "Accent trumps race in guiding children’s social preferences" 27 : 623-634, 2009

58 Shim, W. J., "A study on the effects of the multi-cultural art appreciation and children’s attitudes towards difference races" Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea 2010