18세기 종법사회 형성과 사대부의 가정교화 = The establishment of jongbeop-dominated society and Scholar-officials` edification of household in the 18th century -Focused on Family precepts books

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 가훈서를 통해 18세기 사대부의 가정 교화가 조선사회의 종법질서 형성과 어떤 연관이 있는지를 고찰하였다. 조선 사회 교화의 주체는 국가와 사대부였으며, 교화는 종법질서와 삼강오륜을 예의 이름으로 정착시키는 방향으로 이루어졌다. 16세기 이후 사대부는 『주자가례』와 『소학』에 대한 연구를 통해 종법과 삼강오륜에 대한 이해를 심화시켰으며, 가훈서를 통해 가정교화를 주도하였다. 17세기까지의 가훈서는 종법질서에 대한 이해와 정착을 위해 상제례 풍속의 변화에 초점을 둔 반면, 18세기 가훈서에서는 상제례의 비중이 줄고 일상윤리가 부각되었으며, 가훈서의 대상이 분화하는 양상을 보인다. 이것은 종법 질서가 어느 정도 정착이 되었음을 의미하는 것으로서, 18세기 가정교화는 종법질서의 안정적인 유지를 위해 종법 질서에서 파생하는 관계 윤리와 일상 문제의 해결에 중점을 둔것으로 파악된다. 또한 가정 교화가 사대부 남성 중심에서 여성에게 그리고 노비까지 포함하는 가정 구성원 전체로 확산되었음을 보여준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined how Scholar-officials(士大夫)’s edification of household(家庭敎化) in the 18th century was related with establishing order of jongbeop(宗法, regulations of lines of descent) in Chosun Dynasty through family precepts books(家訓書). Nation and Scholar-officials were the subject of edification in Chosun society and edification(敎化) was proceeded to settle, in the name of ritual (禮), order of jongbeop and the three bonds and the five relations(三綱五倫). Since 16th century, Scholar-officials deepened the understanding about jongbeop and the three bonds and the five relations through a study on Family Rites of Chu Hsi(朱子家禮) and So-hak(小學, Elementary Learning), and they led edification of household through family precepts books. Family precepts books, until 17th century, had focused on the change of funeral rites and family memorial services(喪祭禮) for understanding and settlement of the order of jongbeop. On the other hand, in family precepts books of the 18th century, funeral rites and family memorial services were reduced and common morals were emphasized, and family precepts books were branched out into several directions. This situation means that the order of jongbeop were settled down to a certain degree, and we can find that edification of household in the 18th century was focused on solving relational ethics and usual problems derived from the order of jongbeop in order to maintain the order of jongbeop stably. Also, the range of edification of household which was limited to scholar-officials was enlarged by women and at last the whole family members including even slaves.