언어정교화가 젊은이와 노인의 정서기억에 미치는 영향 = The Effect of Verbal Elaboration on Emotional Memory in Young and Old Adults

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research investigated the impact of verbal elaborations in older and younger adults' recall of emotional pictures in two elaboration conditions. Participants viewed 32 pictures with accompanying sentences on a computer screen and were asked to rate whether the sentence described the picture. Then they were asked to do a free recall test and then to do a cued recall test . Only in the cued recall test, older adults as well as younger adults were more likely to recall the pictures in the congruent elaboration-condition than in the incongruent elaboration-condition. In the free recall test, verbal elaborations at the encoding stage did not improve memory for either age group. The finding that verbal elaborations at study and presentation of verbal context at test facilitated recall for both age groups suggests that the congruence of the encoding and retrieval context appear to be an important limiting condition for the mnemonic benefit. Older adults showed a marginal positivity effect in the free recall test and to show a positivity effect in the cued recall test. The pattern of this research's results was discussed in relation to socioemotional selectivity theory and emotion regulation patterns in the different socio-cultural contexts.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국 노인과 젊은이를 대상으로 연령증가에 따라 정서그림에 대한 언어정교화가 기억에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 정상노인들과 대학생들이 정서그림과 함께 적합한 정교화 문장이 제시된 조건과 정서그림과 함께 부적합한 정교화 문장이 제시된 조건에서 문장과 그림의 의미 부합정도를 정도를 평가한 후 문장과 함께 제시되었던 그림에 대한 자유 회상검사와 단서 회상검사를 받았다. 단서회상에서는 젊은이와 노인 모두 적합한 정교화 조건에서 부적합한 정교화조건보다 더 많은 그림을 기억함으로써 언어정교화에 의해 기억혜택을 볼 수 있음을 나타냈지만, 자유회상에서는 젊은이나 노인 모두 적합한 정교화 조건과 부적합한 정교화조건에서 비슷한 정도의 그림을 기억함으로서 정교화에 의한 기억 혜택을 보이지 않았다. 이는 정교화에 의해 기억향상을 가져올 수 있는 중요한 요인은 부호화와 인출맥락의 일치정도이며, 정교화 효과는 연령이 증가해도 유지됨을 보여준다. 또한 정교화에 따른 자유회상과 단서회상 각각의 정적그림과 부적그림 회상정도를 비교해본 결과 연령과 회상 검사종류에 따라 정적그림과 부적그림의 회상정도가 달랐다. 이와 같은 노화에 따른 회상정서가 패턴의 차이를 사회 정서적 선택이론과 사회문화적 맥락에 따른 차이 입장에서 논하였다.

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