The industrial revolution and land evolution: The fourth industrial revolution and land policy in South Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

클라우스 슈밥이 2016 세계경제포럼에서 4차 산업혁명을 언급한 이후 이는 세계적인 이슈가 되었다. 한국에서는 2016년 인간과 인공지능과의 바둑대결과 2017년 대통령 선거 등을 통하여 사회적 · 정치적 이슈가 되었다. 본 연구에서는 산업혁명과 토지진화를 개념적으로 검토하고 4차 산업혁명 차원에서 한국의 토지정책을 분석하고자 하였다. 산업혁명과 함께 토지 이용은 진화하였다. 산업혁명 초기 서양에서는 토지가 상품으로 인식되기 시작하였으며, 영국에서는 많은 농지가 목장으로 바뀌었다. 4차 산업혁명과 관련된 한국의 국가 토지정책은 다소 명확하지 못하며, 이는 두 가지 차원에서 해석될 수 있다. 첫째, 4차 산업혁명이 아직 시작되지 않았으나 사회적 · 정치적으로 이슈가 되면서 국가토지정책에 언급되었다. 둘째, 현대 사회는 4차 산업혁명의 초기에 속한다. 따라서 4차 산업혁명의 개념이 다소 명확하지 못하며, 결과적으로 관련 국가 토지정책도 다시 명확하지 못하다. 두 가지 경우 모두 국가토지정책이 4차 산업혁명에 의한 변화에 적절히 대응하는데 어려움이 있다. 한국에서는 정부가 산업혁명에 의하여 발생하는 변화에 대응하는 경향이 있다. 한편, 4차 산업혁명의 경우 민간부문 주도로 변화에 대응하고 공공부문이 민간부문을 지원하는 접근방식이 바람직하다고 판단된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since Schwab referred to the fourth industrial revolution at the 2016 World Economic Forum, it has been a global issue. In South Korea, it has become a social and political issue, embodied by events such as the game of Go played between human and artificial intelligence (AI) competitors in 2016, and its discussion in presidential election campaigning in 2017. This study reviews the industrial revolution and land evolution conceptually and analyses land policy in South Korea in terms of the fourth industrial revolution. With industrial revolution, land use evolves. For instance, following earlier industrial revolutions land began to be seen as a commodity in the West, and a notable amount of land was changed from arable farmland to pasture in England. National land policy as regards the fourth industrial revolution in South Korea is somewhat unclear. It is interpreted from two different perspectives: the first holds that the fourth industrial revolution has not started yet, but it has become a social and political issue, resulting in it being referred to in national land policy. The second asserts that contemporary society is in the earliest stages of the fourth industrial revolution, meaning the concept of this revolution is somewhat vague and national land policy also is unclear. In any case, it is difficult for national land policy to respond to changes prompted by the fourth industrial revolution properly at the current time. In South Korea, the government tends to respond to changes caused by industrial revolutions. In this study, the question of whether it is appropriate for the government to respond to such changes caused by the fourth or new industrial revolution is also reviewed. It is argued that the private sector-led response to the industrial revolution is appropriate in terms of consistency, and the public sector needs to support the private sector through measures such as deregulation or subsidies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• 요지
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Literature review
• 3. The fourth industrial revolution and land policy in South Korea
• 4. Discussion
• 4. Conclusion
• References

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