영어와 성서 히브리어의 몇 가지 문법 용어에 대한 한국어 번역 제안 = A Thought on Some Grammatical Terms and Their Proposed Korean Translations in the Study of English and Biblical Hebrew

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study investigates some grammatical terms in English and Biblical Hebrew (BH), and their Korean translations that may cause misunderstanding: adjective and its translation hyeongyongsa (형용사), verb and its translation dongsa (동사), and stative verb and fientive verb and their translations sangtae dongsa (상태 동사) and dongjak dongsa (동작 동사). The study argues that the grammatical concepts that the English expressions refer to in English and BH differ from the ones that the Korean expressions refer to in Korean.
First, adjectives in English and BH differ from hyeongyongsas in Korean. Morphologically, adjectives decline whereas hyeongyongsas conjugate. Syntactically, adjectives require a copula to be a predicate while hyeongyongsas need an ending. Therefore, rather than translating adjective as hyeongyongsa, it seems better to invent a new expression like sogseongsa (속성사).
Second, the category called verb in many languages including English and BH is generally translated as dongsa in Korean. In English, BH, and many other languages, verbs are understood to conjugate morphologically and to be able to be a predicate syntactically. On the other hand, Korean dongsas should meet an additional condition: the fientive meaning. Therefore, the category of verbs and that of dongsas do not overlap well enough, and the latter is not a satisfactory translation of the former. The study suggests seosulsa (서술사) as an alternative.
Third, verbs are grouped into fientive verbs and stative ones, generally translated as dongjak dongsa and sangtae dongsa. Following the foregoing discussion, dongjak seosulsa (동작 서술사) and sangtae seosulsa (상태 서술사) are to be preferred.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 들어가는 말
• 2. ‘Adjective’와 ‘형용사’는 다르다
• 3. ‘Verb’는 ‘동사’가 아니다
• 4. ‘상태 서술사’(Stative Verb)와 ‘동작 서술사’(Fientive Verb)
• 5. 나가는 말
• 참고문헌(References)
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김동소, "한국어 특질론" 정림사 2005

2 이관규, "학교 문법론" 월인 2002

3 남기심, "표준 국어문법론" 박이정 2014

4 고영근, "우리말 문법론" 집문당 2008

5 이정민, "언어학사전" 박영사 2000

6 Joüon, Paul, "성서 히브리어 문법" 기혼 2012

7 윤영삼, "Verb는 동사?"

8 Sinclair, Cameron, "The Verbless Clause in Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Approaches, Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic 1" Eisenbrauns 51-75, 1999

9 Huddleston, Rodney D., "The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language" Cambridge University Press 2002

10 Waltke, Bruce K., "An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax" Eisenbrauns 1990

11 Baugh, Albert C., "A History of the English Language" Routledge 2013

12 Arnold, Bill T., "A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax" Cambridge University Press 2003

13 Joüon, Paul, "A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew" Editrice Pontificio Istituto biblico 2006

14 Seow, C. L., "A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew" Abingdon 1995

15 Trask, R. L., "A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics" Routledge 1993

16 Merwe, C. H. J. van der, "A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar" Sheffield Academic Press 1999