Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are crosslinked networks of liquid crystalline mesogens and flexible polymer chains, capable of undergoing significant and reversible shape transformation driven by phase transition–induced molecular disorientation. ...
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are crosslinked networks of liquid crystalline mesogens and flexible polymer chains, capable of undergoing significant and reversible shape transformation driven by phase transition–induced molecular disorientation. Direct Ink Writing (DIW) has emerged as a promising method for fabricating LCE structures, as the shear flow during extrusion can align mesogens along the printing direction. However, conventional DIW typically induces mesogen aligment parallel to the print path, resulting in actuation limited to contraction along that direction. This unidirectionality of the actuation mode of DIW-printed LCEs restricts deformation versatility and design freedom. To address this limitation, this study proposes DIW printing of LCE with a wide range of actuation strain (from -35% contraction to 29% elongation) via liquid crystal (LC) phase change between smectic and nematic phase under temperature control. Elongation behavior occurs when the ink is printed at smectic phase so that meosgens align perpendicular to printing direction, however contraction behavior occurs when ink is printed at nematic phase so that mesogens align parallel to the printing direction. Through actuation mode-switching LCE DIW, spatially alternating alignment states are encoded within a single printed structure, realizing bidirectional actuation behavior in LCE structures. Utilizing a bilayer structure integrating two oppositely actuating LCE layers with different thickness ratio, origami hinges that exhibit high, tunable bending curvature are printed, allowing the implementation of diverse origami configurations.