OECD 국가의 기대수명에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 = A Study on Factors Affecting Life Expectancy in OECD Countries

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인간의 건강 또는 기대수명은 전 세계 인류의 최대 관심사이며, 기대수명에 영향을 미치는 요인은 여러 학자들 사이에서 활발한 연구주제가 되어왔다. 이에 본 연구는 1995년부터 2019년까지 OECD 국가를 대상으로 소득수준, 의료, 환경, 관광, 무역이 기대수명에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 특히 패널 데이터의 국가 간 횡단면 의존성과 국가별 이질성의 존재를 확인하고, 이질성을 고려한 PMG(pooled mean group) 추정법을 통해 장단기 영향을 추정하였고, 이질성 및 횡단면 의존성을 모두 고려한 AMG(augmented-MG) 추정법을 통해 장기적 영향을 분석하였다.
분석결과, 1인당 GDP와 의료지출의 추정계수가 양(+)의 부호로 나타났으며, 1인당 GDP와 의료지출의 상호교차항이 음(-)의 부호로 나타나 국민소득 수준이 낮은 국가에서 의료지출의 영향이 긍정적으로 작용하는 것을 확인하였다. 한편 CO2 배출량은 OECD 국가의 기대수명에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 관광객수와 무역개방도 변수의 유의성 및 부호는 모형과 추정방법에 따라 차이가 있으며, 유의한 계수 추정치는 미미한 수준으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Human health or life expectancy is the world's greatest concern, and factors affecting life expectancy are important research topics. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of growth, environment, tourism, and trade on life expectancy in OECD countries from 1995 to 2019. In particular, short-term and long-term effects are estimated through the pooled mean group(PMG) estimation method that considers heterogeneity, and long-term effects are analyzed through the augmented-MG(AMG) estimation method that considers both heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence.
As a result of the analysis, the estimation coefficient of economic growth and health expenditures has a positive(+) sign, and the interaction term has a negative(-) sign, confirming that the effect of health expenditure is positive in countries with low economic growth. Meanwhile, CO2 emissions have a negative effect on life expectancy in OECD countries, and the significance and sign of the variables of the number of tourists and trade openness differ depending on the model and estimation method.

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