그리스 헌법과 국회의 역사적 발전과 현재 = The Historical Development and the Present of the Greek Constitution and Parliament

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국회의원에 대한 제재로，만일 의원이 l 달 동안 무단으로 5 회 이상 회의 에 참석하지 않을 때，한번 불참할 때마다 1 달 보수의 1/30을 감액 당한다. 특히 비교적 최근에 마련된 국회의원 후보로 나올 수 없는 세 가지 사유 즉 절대적,상대적,지역적 장애가 있는데(2001 년 개정된 헌법조항 56조)，그 가운데 세 번째 지역적 장애에 관한 조항은 괄목 할만하다. 그것은 4년 의원임기 취임을 기준으로 최근 18개월 동안 권한을 행사했던 선거구에서는 후보 로 나올수 없도록 한것이다. 여기에는정부부처의 일반 혹은 특별 서기, 군대나 안기부의 고위관리 ,공공사법 기관과 공공기업의 합법적 책임자 등 이 관련된다.
또,같은 2001 년 개정헌법 (57조)에서는의원이 겸임할수 없는직을규정 하고 있는데, 이것은국회의원의 직책을개인 영리를위해 이용할가능성이 있는 것으로, 개인 사업(사업겸직 금지), 공공의 연구 및 사업에 관련된 간부직,혹은 라디오,텔레비전,신문 등 전국에 확산된 사업의 간부직 등이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Movement for Greek Independence from Turkey began in 1821, andnext year, 1822, the first constitution was created with 110 short articles. The civil war of Greece as wel1 as interventions of foreign powers, however, had the Greeks invite a foreigner to become king of Greece(1833- 1843).
Then, the resistance to the king’s autocracy resulte in constitutional absolute monarchy and bicameral system(1 843).
In succession, the first period of democratic monarchy(l 864-1922) took the one chamber system in the constitutions of 1864 and 1911, while in the second period of democracy (1924-1935), the bicameral was taken again in the constitution of 1927, which was organized with the parliament as a center, the cabinet being completely attached to it. On the support of the king who returned again to Greece from banishment, I. Metaxas pronounced dictatorship, the constitution of 1911 being renewed, while the bicameral abrogated. The autocratic govemment kept going on until the Germans invaded Greece in the 2nd World War.
After the retreat of the Germans in the autunm of 1944 and the successive civil war between the right and the left, the new constitution of 1952 was established, the second period of democratic monarchy (1 952- 1967) being
based upon this. Then, the military coup of Papadopoulos resulted in autocratic government(1963~1974).
The third period of democracy(l 974) initiated the constitution of 1975,which revived that of 1952, while abrogating absolutely kingship(l974.l2.8).
Afterwards, in 1986 a new revision of constitution was done. The constitution of the par1iament as a center was realized by the revision both of 1975 and 1986, under the agreement of almost all the political parties. In succession, the 79 artic1es w'ﾃre amended in the constitution of 2001 which was approved by the 4/5 members of the parliament. It refers to the functional reorganization of parliament and the reinforcement of local autonomy.
Nowadays, the Greekparliament is consisted of 300 members of 4 year’s appointment. The local constituencies are 56 and the nationwide is 1 in number, 288 members being elected by the former, while 12 members by the latter with priority in order from the nationwide network of list.
The Greeks took a complicate, reinforced system of proportional representation"C minority parties contracted. Even if the first party does not obtain majority votes, it could get majority numbers of parliament. That is, Obtaining 41 % votes of local constituencies as well as absolute majority of 151 members affords the first party be created. The purpose of this law is to consolidate the stability of government.
The principal political particalare two, that is, ND (Nea Kimokratia[New Democracy]) and ‘PASOK (Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima[Panhellenic Socialistic Movement])’ . There are also KKE (Kommounistiko Komma Ellados [Communistic Parth of Greece]), SY.RIZ.A (Synaspismos Rizospastikis Aristeras (Association of Radical Left]) and LA.O.S (Laikos Orthodoxos Synagermos [Rally of Orthodox People]) as minority parties.
Orthodoxos Synagermos [Rally of Orthodox people]) as minority parties.
As sanctions against the m'ﾃmber of par1iament, anyone does not attend on the assembly more than five times in a month without reporting in advance, one thirtieth of sa1ary is subtracted for every time. And, according to a recently made article in the constitution of 2001(ar. 58), there are three grounds, that is, the absolute, re1ative and regional, which forbid to be candidates for the member of parliament. Quite interesting is the regional ground which refers to more or 1ess high-ranking pub1ic officia1s. They can not be candidates in a constituency where they have been in appointment to an office during 18 month before being installed as members of par1iament.
Furthermore, in the same constitution of 200 1 (ar.57), additional occupations being forbidden for the member of the parliament are prescribed, as the status could be exp10ited for personal profits. They refer to the owner of personal enterprise, the staff of heavy responsibility for public research or enterprising organizations, or those for radio, te1evision and newspaper being widely spread on all the country.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.서언 1
• Ⅱ. 헌법과국회의 발전과정 3
• Ⅲ. 그리스국회 (Bouli ton Ellinon) 10
• Ⅳ. 국회와 행정부의 상호 견제기능 15
• Ⅴ. 국회의운영 실태 17
• Ⅵ. 결언 24