중학교 과학영재 학생의 탐구과정에 대한 인지구조 = Scientifically Gifted Middle School Students` Cognitive Structures about Scientific Inquiry Process

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the scientifically gifted middle school students’ cognitive developmental levels, awareness and cognitive structures about scientific inquiry process. Twentyone cientifically gifted middle school students were given the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking test and the questionnaire which asked their awareness about 33 basic concepts of scientific inquiry process. To examine their cognitive structures, they were given those concepts and required to organize their own concept maps about scientific inquiry process. Results showed that three students were at the transitional period and 18 students were in the formal operational stage. For the concepts of tentative answer, independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group, control group, and hypothesis testing, most students answered that they had not heard about those concepts before or that they scarcely knew about them that they had heard about. Analysis of students’ concept maps showed that the students could not make propositions with unfamiliar concepts such as independent variables, dependent variables, control variables, hypothesis rejection and hypothesis support. Even worse, they made wrong propositions with familiar concepts such as hypothesis, prediction, and data organization. They did not know the difference between hypothesis and prediction or the relationship between inquiry process and data organization and interpretation.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 신현화, "초등학교 과학과 자유탐구 활동에서 교사와 학생이 겪는 어려움 분석" 한국초등과학교육학회 29 (29): 262-276, 2010

2 이명애, "중학생의 생물 학습에서 개념 체계도 작성 능력 변화에 관한 연구" 한국생물교육학회 34 (34): 520-532, 2006

3 김수경, "중학생의 과학 탐구 능력 측정을 위한 평가 도구의 개발" 한국생물교육학회 35 (35): 163-177, 2007

4 김영민, "우리나라 중학생들의 논리적 사고 능력에 대한 메타 분석 - 1980 ~ 2000년까지의 학술지 게재 논문을 중심으로 -" 한국과학교육학회 29 (29): 437-449, 2009

5 소금현, "온라인 개념체계도 작성 프로그램의 개발" 한국생물교육학회 33 (33): 303-312, 2005

6 엄경화, "고등학생의 과학적 가설에 대한 인식과 가설 설정 능력 조사" 한국생물교육학회 40 (40): 357-366, 2012

7 Baird, W. E., "Validity considerations for research on integratedscience process skills and formal reasoning ability" 71 (71): 259-269, 1987

8 Novak, J. D., "The origins of the concept mapping tool and the continuing evolution of the tool" 5 (5): 175-184, 2006

9 Kipnis, M., "The inquiry laboratory as a source for development of metacognitive skills" 6 (6): 601-627, 2008

10 Hur, M., "The development of an instrument for evaluating inquiry activity in science curricula" 4 (4): 57-64, 1984

11 Roadrangka, V., "The construction of a group assessment of logical thinking (GALT)" 58-, 1983

12 Wallace, J. D., "The concept map as a research tool : Exploring conceptual change in biology" 27 (27): 1033-1052, 1990

13 Kang, S., "Teaching strategy development of secondary school chemistry based on the cognitive levels of students and the cognitive demands of learning contents" 43 (43): 578-588, 1999

14 American Association for the Advancement of Science., "Science as A Process Approach(SAPA II)" Delta Education, Inc 1990

15 Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, "Science Curriculum for Middle School Students" 2009

16 Lim, C., "Relationships between Piagetian cognitive modes and integrated science process skills for high school students" 11 (11): 23-30, 1991

17 Ismail, Z. H., "Relationship between science process skills and logical thinking abilities of Malaysian students" 24 (24): 67-77, 2001

18 Yeom, H., "Middle school students’ awareness of scientific hypothesis and ability to formulate hypothesis" Seoul National University 2012

19 White, B. Y., "Inquiry, modeling, and metacognition : Making science accessible to all students" 16 (16): 3-118, 1998

20 Kinchin, I. M., "How a qualitative approach to concept map analysis can be used to aid learning by illustrating patterns of conceptual development" 42 (42): 43-57, 2000

21 Klopfer, L. E., "Handbook on Formative and Summative Evaluation of Student Learning" Mc Graw Hill 1971

22 Kim, J., "Grade 7th pupils’ideas about identification and control of variables in inquiry problems" 19 (19): 674-683, 1999

23 Burns, J. C., "Development of an integrated science process skills test : TIPS II" 22 : 169-177, 1985

24 Choi, B. S., "A study on the relationship between the level of inquiry ability in written test and the process skills shown in the experiments" 20 (20): 218-227, 1993

25 Woo, J., "A longitudinal trend analysis of science process skills" 19 (19): 173-184, 1999