토마스 제퍼슨의 사법권에 관한 사상

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the ideas of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, on judicial power from the viewpoint of his constitutional thought. As is generally known, a number of public papers and letters he wrote carry his thought on the overall constitution. In addition, his constitutional thought has great significance in that not limited only to the written documents, it was applied for establishing political institutions of the early United States through his various public activities.
The constitutional thought of Thomas Jefferson is based on both federalism and doctrines of separation of power. He believed it ideal to keep the balance of power between the federal government and the states on the basis of federalism, and to maintain the executive, the legislature and the judiciary on the principle of check and balance. Therefore, his thought on judicial power is probably founded on doctrines of separation of power.
Jefferson expected the establishment of a noble and independent court of justice. The independence of the judiciary guarantees that of a judge along with independence from the legislature and the executive. He contended that a judge should be elected by the people to protect his independence. Also, like a simple machine, he said, a judge should make an equal and impartial application of a law enacted by the legislature elected by the people. Regarding the judicial review, he initially held fast to his more restrictive concept of 'the concurrent review', in which a court could refuse enforcement of an assumingly unconstitutional law enacted by the legislative without proclaiming its invalidation. After he became President, however, he supported 'the tripartite doctrine' instead of the judicial review. He objected to the idea that the judiciary should have the final right of the constitutional interpretation, insisting that each power should exercise such a right, which, he thought. was in agreement with doctrines of separation of power. But it is problematic how a power of the government should decide on when a measure would be taken, ultimately with no appeal.
Like the constitutional thought of Thomas Jefferson, it is hard to claim that his thought on the judicial power kept perfect consistency. He changed his stance according to time and circumstances. Moreover, in political conflict with federalists, he took up the partisan position irrelevant to his constitution theory.

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